HMGB1 released from pyroptotic vascular endothelial cells promotes immune disorders in exertional heatstroke by Chaoping Yu, Yang Huang, Jiangang Xie, Chujun Duan, Shanshou Liu, Wei Zhao, Yutong Wang, Ran Zhuang, Junjie Li, Wen Yin

“…A mouse model of EHS was established and murine tissue damage was evaluated by H&E staining. HMGB1 localization and release were visualized using immunofluorescence staining. …”
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Dexmedetomidine alleviates acute kidney injury in a rat model of veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by Min Yu, Shilin Wei, Xueyang Shen, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu, Xiangyang Wu, Yongnan Li

“…Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration in the kidney. …”
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Arctiin alleviates knee osteoarthritis by suppressing chondrocyte oxidative stress induced by accumulated iron via AKT/NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway by Junzheng Yang, Delong Chen, Qi He, Baihao Chen, Zhaofeng Pan, Gangyu Zhang, Miao Li, Shaocong Li, Jiacong Xiao, Haibin Wang, Peng Chen, Zhantian An

“…Micro-CT and Safranin O-Fast Green staining were used to detect the phenotype of the knee joints. …”
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Combination of potassium oxonate with anti-PD-1 for the treatment of colorectal cancer by Yuanyuan Wang, Chenxi Hu, Tianpeng Du, Jiawen Li, Kaiyuan Hui, Xiaodong Jiang

“…This study aimed to explore the anti-tumor effect of PO combined with anti-PD-1, and investigate the impact on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).MethodsWe established a syngeneic mouse model of CRC and divided into groups of control group, single drugs group of PO and anti-PD-1, and the combination group. Use the HE staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TUNEL staining of tumor issues to verify the anti-neoplasm of each group. …”
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Dichotomitin promotes osteoblast differentiation and improves osteoporosis by inhibiting oxidative stress by Meichun Han, Weibin Du, Lei Zhang, Zhenwei Wang, Shengqiang Fang, Yang Zheng, Renfu Quan

“…In vitro, osteogenic differentiation was induced with varying concentrations of DH, followed by ALP and ARS staining. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to assess the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. …”
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Dentin-Derived Inorganic Minerals Promote the Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Applications for Bone Regeneration by Gang Lei, Yanqiu Wang, Yan Yu, Zehan Li, Jiamin Lu, Xingyun Ge, Na Li, Ana Gloria Cuba Manduca, Jinhua Yu

“…Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and osteogenic marker expression analysis were performed to investigate the influence of DIM on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, as well as the relevant signal mechanisms. …”
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Bovine Hydroxyapatite-Based Bone Scaffold with Gentamicin Accelerates Vascularization and Remodeling of Bone Defect by Aniek S. Budiatin, Maria A. Gani, Samirah, Chrismawan Ardianto, Aulia M. Raharjanti, Indah Septiani, Ni Putu K. P. Putri, Junaidi Khotib

“…Semiquantitative data from HE staining showed that the implanted group had accelerated migration of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in the defect area. …”
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Histologic evidence of neutrophil extracellular traps and fibrin(ogen) deposition in liver biopsies from patients with inflammatory liver disease by Fien A. von Meijenfeldt, Ton Lisman, Alessandra Pacheco, Yoh Zen, William Bernal

“…Overall, 50% of liver biopsies stained positive for NETs. Platelet deposition and NET formation were highest in IRI, where it correlated with histologic severity of injury (r = .61 [95% CI, .22-.84]; P < .01) and ASH. …”
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METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification Regulates the Osteogenic Differentiation through LncRNA CUTALP in Periodontal Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Periodontitis Patients by Xin Chen, Yuan Qin, Xian Wang, Hao Lei, Xiaochen Zhang, Houzhuo Luo, Changgang Guo, Weifu Sun, Shishu Fang, Wen Qin, Zuolin Jin

“…The expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, Col1, Runx2 protein level, ALP staining, and Alizarin red staining were used to demonstrate the degree of osteogenic differentiation. …”
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NAFPD exacerbation by hyperlipidemia combined with hyperuricemia: a pilot rat experiment in lipidomics by Jingyun Li, Jingyun Li, Yongjian Chen, Shilin Li, Guorong Lyu, Guorong Lyu, Furong Yan, Jiajing Guo, Jing Cheng, Yun Chen, Jiaojiao Lin, Yating Zeng

“…However, from the 4th week onward, SUA levels in the PH group were significantly higher than those in both the PO and CON groups (p &lt; 0.05). HE staining revealed that most rats in the CON group exhibited normal pancreatic islet and acinar cell morphology. …”
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Combined therapy of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells and scalp acupuncture alleviates brain damage in a rat model of cerebral palsy by Yu Zhou, Xu-Huan Li, Lu-Na He, Li-Na Wang, Jing Zang, Dong-Ming Wang, Jing Gao, Xue-feng Yu

“…Neurobehavioral function was assessed using the Bederson score, and brain tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, TUNEL staining, and RT-qPCR for apoptosis-related genes. …”
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Cerebral microvascular density, blood-brain barrier permeability, and support for neuroinflammation indicate early aging in a Marfan syndrome mouse model by Tala Curry-Koski, Tala Curry-Koski, Liam P. Curtin, Mitra Esfandiarei, Mitra Esfandiarei, Mitra Esfandiarei, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas, Theresa Currier Thomas

“…Glut1 immunostaining was used to quantify microvascular density, IgG staining to assess BBB permeability, and microglial counts to evaluate neuroinflammation.ResultsUsing Glut1 staining, 6M-MFS mice and 12M-CTRL similarly present decreased microvascular density in the dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) regions of the hippocampus. 6M-MFS mice exhibit increased BBB permeability in the DG and CA3 as evident by Immunoglobulin G (IgG) staining. …”
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Mechanism of Inhibition of Inflammation in Osteoarthritis by Tougu Xiaotong Capsule via Regulating Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway by Munan LIN, Xiang SHAO, Limei XU, Xin ZHANG, Zaishi ZHU, Yidan HAN, Xinwei DUAN, Jianmei CHEN, song GAO, Xihai LI

“…Objective:To investigate the mechanism of inhibition of inflammation in osteoarthritis by Tougu Xiaotong capsule(TXC)via regulating Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathways.Methods:The chondrocytes from 4-week-old SD male rats obtained by the mechanical typeⅡcollagenase digestion method were cultured in vitro and identified by typeⅡcollagen immunohistochemical staining. Isolated chondrocytes of passage two were divided into blank group, model group(treatment with 10 ng/mL of LPS for 8 h), inhibitor group(treatment with 10 ng/mL of U0126 for 30 min followed by 10 ng/mL of LPS for additional 8 h)and TXC group(treatment with 10 ng/mL of LPS plus 300 μg/mL of TXC for 8 h).Western blot was carried out to detect the expression of Ras, Raf, p-ERK1/2, MEK1/2, MMP-3 and MMP-13.qPCR was used to detect the mRNAs expression of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, MMP-3 and MMP-13, as well as the expression of miR-27b, miR-34a and miR-146a.Results:1)The cytoplasm of isolated cells(P2)from the cartilage of knee joint of 4-week-old SD male rats was stained brown by typeⅡcollagen immunohistochemical staining as compared with the negative control cells, which indicated that the extracted cells were chondrocytes.2)The expression of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2, MMP-3, MMP-13 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group, respectively(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), but the expression of p-ERK1/2 had no significant difference(<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05);the expression of Ras, Raf, p-ERK1/2, MEK1/2, MMP-3, MMP-13 in both the inhibitor group and the TXC group was lower than that in the model group, respectively(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), but the expression of MEK1/2 in the TXC group had no significant difference compared to that in the model group(<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05).3)The mRNA expression of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group, respectively(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01);their expression in both the inhibitor group and the TXC group was lower than that in the model group, respectively(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).4)The expression of miR-27b in the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank group(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01), but its expre-ssion in both the inhibitor group and the TXC group was higher than that in the model group(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01);the expression of both miR-34a and miR-146a in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group, respectively(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);however, their expression in both the inhibitor group and the TXC group was lower than that in the model group, respectively(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).Conclusion:Tougu Xiaotong capsule regulates the expression of key factors in Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and miR-27b, miR-34a and miR-146a to regulate the inflammatory of chondrocytes, thereby inhibiting osteoarthritis inflammation and protecting articular cartilage.…”
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Crocin Alleviates Hippocampal Neuron Injury in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway by LI Xiaolei, ZHU Haisheng, MA Ruijuan, YAO Li, HU Ke, FENG Lina, WANG Xudong

“…The cerebral infarction rate was detected using TTC staining. The neuron pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 were observed using HE staining, and the neuronal apoptosis of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 was examined by TUNEL staining. …”
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Therapeutic effect of dihydroartemisinin on Alzheimer’s disease model mice with senile macular degeneration by Gao Han, Gong Xuewu, Zhang Meng, Wang Yuejing, Wang Yuchun, Zhang Keshuang, Yao Hongbo

“…Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the deposition of amyloid beta protein. …”
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Intranasal delivery of hMSC-derived supernatant for treatment of ischemic stroke by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory polarization of neutrophils by Yixiang Jiang, Ning Wang, Jingyi Liu, Haoran Ren, Wenkang Jiang, Yanting Lei, Xidan Fu, Miao Hao, Xiujuan Lang, Yumei Liu, Xijun Liu, Rui Li, Hulun Li

“…The neuroprotective effects of hMSC-L and hMSC-M were assessed with TTC staining, behavioral tests and pathological staining. …”
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Experimental Study of Modified Videman Method to Replicate Knee Osteoarthritis in Rabbits by Jing LIU, Qiaoxuan LIN, Liming LU, Zexing GUO, Hong LIU, Liangzhi ZHANG, Zhongbiao XIU

“…The macropathology of cartilage and synovium, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) were observed by light microscope and Mankin's scores were applied to investigate morphological changes. …”
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BCL-2 overexpression exosomes promote the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic environment for skin injury in rats by Ying Wang, Guang Li, Guofeng Li, Yutao Pan, Zhongmin Liu

“…Tissue damage was scored by H&E and Ma Song trichrome staining. Masson staining was used to evaluate the collagen volume fraction of the wound. …”
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Microinvasive lobular carcinoma arising in a benign phyllodes tumour – a short report and brief review of the literature by Thomas Butters, Lynsey Williams, Charanjit Kaur, Zoltan Szollosi

“…Microscopic examination revealed a fibroepithelial lesion focally colonised by florid E-cadherin negative LCIS with multiple foci of microinvasive classical lobular carcinoma, which lacked a myoepithelial layer on CK5 and S100 staining.…”
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Huang Qi Tong Bi Decoction Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via HMGB1/TLR/NF-κB Pathway by Kun Liu, Manman Li, Xiumei Ren, Qing-sheng You, Fei Wang, Shuo Wang, Chun-Hui Ma, Wei-Nan Li, Qing Ye

“…Triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) staining and pathological analysis showed that HQTBT reduced myocardial injury. …”
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