Toyin Falola and Akintunde Akinyemi (Eds). Encyclopedia of the Yoruba. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2016. 371pp. by Ibrahim A. Odugbemi

“…Across these entries, the encyclopedia gives a complex, yet detailed, presentation of the Yorùbá, a dominant ethnic group in West Africa and the most prominent African cultural population, identity and presence in the African diaspora including North America, the Caribbean and South America. It presents the Yorùbá with respect to their involvements in, and interactions with, different sociocultural experiences, practices and expressions by “emphasizing the peculiarities, features, and commonalities of the people” (xi). …”
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Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV): a Globally Emerging Threat to Tilapia Aquaculture by Lowia Al-Hussinee, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Win Surachetpong, Vsevolod Popov, Kathleen Hartman, Katharine Starzel, Roy Yanong, Craig Watson, Hugh Ferguson, Salvatore Frasca Jr, Thomas Waltzek

“… Tilapia lake virus is a globally emerging virus responsible for episodes of mass mortality in cultured and/or feral tilapia (Oreochromis spp. and hybrids) in Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Since 2014, there have been global reports of TiLV disease resulting in 10% to 90% mortality in tilapia fry, juveniles, and adults causing significant economic losses. …”
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Vanilla lindmaniana and V. palmarum (Orchidaceae) are distinct allopatric species by Emerson R. Pansarin

“…Vanilla palmarum is endemic to Brazil, while V. lindmaniana is widely distributed throughout South America.…”
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Andean Contemplation and Humboldtian Aesthetic Composition in Charles Empson's The Rustic Corridor by Verónica Uribe-Hanabergh

“…The Rustic Corridor, una de las doce acuarelas que ilustran el libro Narratives of South America (1836) del viajero británico Charles Empson, representa la esencial de la observación estética de las montañas en una etapa muy temprana del interés de la República de Colombia hacia la construcción del paisaje. …”
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Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV): a Globally Emerging Threat to Tilapia Aquaculture by Lowia Al-Hussinee, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Win Surachetpong, Vsevolod Popov, Kathleen Hartman, Katharine Starzel, Roy Yanong, Craig Watson, Hugh Ferguson, Salvatore Frasca Jr, Thomas Waltzek

“… Tilapia lake virus is a globally emerging virus responsible for episodes of mass mortality in cultured and/or feral tilapia (Oreochromis spp. and hybrids) in Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Since 2014, there have been global reports of TiLV disease resulting in 10% to 90% mortality in tilapia fry, juveniles, and adults causing significant economic losses. …”
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Unveiling farmers’ perceptions: a citizen science and machine learning approach to exploring drivers in the adequacy and fairness of water systems by Vasilios Plakandaras, Fahad Khan Khadim, Vassiliki Kazana, Emmanouil Anagnostou, Amvrossios C Bagtzoglou

“…Agricultural production sustains a large part of the population in the Great South area (sub-Saharan Africa, South America and South Asia), relying heavily on rainfed agriculture and partly on reservoir-based irrigation schemes. …”
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The Hidden Economic Consequences of Migraine to the UK Government: Burden-of-Disease Analysis Using a Fiscal Framework by Rui Martins, Samuel Large, Rachel Russell, Gary Surmay, Mark P. Connolly

“…Europe has the fourth-highest prevalence of migraine, after North America, South America, and Central America, and above Asia and Africa. …”
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Transition towards circular economy: Exploiting open innovation for circular product development by Juan I. Dorrego-Viera, Andrea Urbinati, Valentina Lazzarotti

“…Two of them operate in European industrialized regions, and other two operate in less developed regions of South America, emphasizing the need for context-specific approaches to circular economy implementation and circular product development. …”
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Advances in the Research on Brown Carbon Aerosols: Its Concentrations, Radiative Forcing, and Effects on Climate by Shuai Li, Hua Zhang, Zhili Wang, Yonghang Chen

“…Recent research suggests that: (1) Climate effects of aerosols can be represented more accurately when including BrC absorption in climate models; the regions with the highest global mean surface BrC concentrations estimated by models are mostly Southeast Asia and South America (biomass burning), East Asia and northeast India (biofuel burning), and Europe and North America (secondary sources); estimates of BrC radiative forcing are quite erratic, with a range of around 0.03–0.57 W m−2. (2) BrC heating lead to tropical expansion and a reduction in deep convective mass fluxes in the upper troposphere; cloud fraction and cloud type have a substantial impact on the heating rate estimates of BrC. …”
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Farmers’ adaptation practices in climate-stressed coastal Bangladesh: a systematic review by Md Ashik Ur Rahman, Sadhon Chandra Swarnokar, S M Nayem Ahasan, M Mohibbullah, Sadia Islam Mou, Animesh K Gain

“…The findings are relevant for regions where coastal agriculture is vital but impacted by climate change, including countries in Asia-Pacific, Africa, and South America.…”
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Global climate changes and the evolution of area suitability for marmosets of genus Callithrix by Cesar Rogerio Leal do Amaral, Antonio Carlos de Freitas, Rodrigo Goldenberg-Barbosa, Anna Luiza dos Santos Donato, Izar Aximoff, Victor Cordeiro de Moura, Dafne Adriana Abreu dos Anjos

“… To evaluate the habitat loss due to climatic changes and their effect on Callithrix diversity in the next few decades, the present study reported the resilience of the Atlantic Rainforest primate genus Callithrix under the perspective of the forecasted climatic changes in South America and the quick-pace of the changing environmental policies in Brazil. …”
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Electrocardiographic changes induced by temperature variations in newly hatched Aperema (Rhinoclemmys punctularia, Daudin, 1801) by Deise de Lima Cardoso, Deise de Lima Cardoso, Brenda Stefany dos Santos Braga, Brenda Stefany dos Santos Braga, Daniella Bastos de Araújo, Clarissa Araújo da Paz, Luciana Eiró-Quirino, Thaysa de Sousa Reis, Luana Vasconcelos de Souza, Rayllan da Cunha Ferreira, Gabriela Brito Barbosa, Raíssa Vieira de Souza, Yris da Silva Deiga, Maria Klara Otake Hamoy, Diva Anelie de Araújo Guimarães, Diva Anelie de Araújo Guimarães, Moisés Hamoy

“…IntroductionAperema (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) is a South American semi-aquatic freshwater turtle characterized by a highly curved, dark brown to black carapace and is distributed across Central and South America. Climate change affects freshwater turtles in a number of ways, including temperature, hatchling sex, and survival.MethodsTherefore, we analyzed temperature variations in these turtles through electrocardiographic recordings, since studies on temperature variations in R. punctularia are limited.Results and discussionElectrocardiography (ECG) is a highly relevant diagnostic tool as it allows for precise assessments of cardiac events and is non-invasive. …”
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Trace element and mercury speciation analysis in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) by María Victoria Panzl, Jarol R. Miranda-Andrades, Wendy J. Sandoval Rojano, Joseane A. Mendes, Tatiana D. Saint'Pierre, Alejandra Rodríguez-Haralambides, Ricardo Q. Aucelio

“…Background: Yerba mate, a popular beverage in South America, is rich in bioactive compounds and minerals. …”
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La realidad de mujeres transexuales y sus movimientos sociales en Sudamérica en tiempos de COVID-19 by Alessandra Mawu Defendi Oliveira

“…Abstract This article aims to take a brief overview —along with a reflective and critical analysis— through the different solidary networks of transgender people that have been structured in South America in dialogue with Latin America and the Caribbean, where they are currently involved in the dynamics imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. …”
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The large and central Caligo martia eyespot may reduce fatal attacks by birds: a case study supports the deflection hypothesis in nature by Iserhard, Cristiano Agra, Malta, Shimene, Penz, Carla, Fraga, Brenda Barbon, Costa, Camila Abel, Schwantz, Taiane, Bordin, Kauane Maiara

“…Caligo martia (Godart, 1824) butterflies have large ventral hind wing eyespots, and we aimed to test whether these eyespots act to deflect or to thwart bird attacks through intimidation in a natural community in a Restinga Forest in austral South America. We used four types of paper facsimiles: unmanipulated C. martia (with eyespots, WE), facsimiles with UV enhanced eyespots (UV), camouflaged facsimiles lacking eyespots (CM), and light-coloured facsimiles that were not camouflaged and lacked eyespots (NC). …”
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A systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence and clinical implications of anatomical variants of the hepatic portal vein by Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Benjamín Rodríguez-Osorio, Cristian Salgado-Torres, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandro Bruna-Mejías, Roberto Avila-Sepulveda, Álvaro Becerra-Farfán, Macarena Rodríguez-Luengo, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno, Guinevere Granite, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza

“…Of these 21 articles, the topics studied came mainly from Europe and Asia, with three (n = 554; 1.08%) and 11 articles (n = 50,090; 97.75%) respectively, also having six articles from North America (n = 442; 0.86%) and one from Africa (n = 158; 0.31%), discarding the articles from Oceania and South America. For the HPV trifurcation variant, it was 8% (CI = 7-10%). …”
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Booster Vaccination against Yellow Fever in Gambian children-(BoVY) -a Phase 3 clinical trial to establish safety and immunogenicity of repeated YF vaccination in healthy Gambian c... by David Jeffries, Caitlin Pley, Beate Kampmann, Mam Nabou Leigh, Julia Strandmark, Ed Clarke, Peter Ndow, Ebrima Kanteh, Amadou Faal, Elishia Roberts

“…Background Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne and recently re-emerging viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and South America. A highly effective vaccine against YF is licensed and recommended as part of routine childhood immunisation as a single dose at 9 months. …”
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Development of a set of monosomic alien addition lines from Gossypium raimondii in Gossypium hirsutum toward breeding applications in cotton by Zhenzhen Xu, Xiaoxi Lu, Wenjie Ding, Wei Ji, Wuzhimu Ali, Heyang Wang, Shan Meng, Qi Guo, Peng Xu, Xianglong Chen, Liang Zhao, Huan Yu, Xinlian Shen

“…Abstract Background Gossypium raimondii Ulbr is a diploid wild cotton (2n = 26, D5D5) that originated in west-central Peru of South America and possesses desirable characteristics that are absent in the Upland cotton G. hirsutum. …”
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