Pathophysiological and Genetic Aspects of Vascular Calcification by Luis Fernando Escobar Guzman, Cristian Andres Escobar Guzman, Neuza Helena Moreira Lopes

“…New studies point out the existence of a complex physiopathological mechanism that involves inflammation, oxidation, the release of chemical mediators, and genetic factors that promote the osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This review will evaluate the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and genetics modulation of the process of vascular calcification. …”
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Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Cyst: Two Case Reports in Children and Review of the Literature by Maliheh Khoddami, Maryam Kazemi Aghdam, Azadeh Alvandimanesh

“…Histologically, both cysts had four layers composed of inner ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium; subepithelial connective tissue; smooth muscle layer; and an outer fibrous layer.…”
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Role of endogenous nitric oxide on PAF-induced vascular and respiratory effects by M. Clement, M. Albertini

“…The role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on vascular and respiratory smooth muscle basal tone was evaluated in six anaesthetized, paralysed, mechanically ventilated pigs. …”
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Stimulators and Activators of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase: Review and Potential Therapeutic Indications by Bobby Nossaman, Edward Pankey, Philip Kadowitz

“…Stimulation of sGC mediates physiologic responses including smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of inflammation, and thrombosis. …”
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Benign Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney by A. Işin Doğan Ekici, Sinan Ekici, Bora Gürel, Gülçin Altinok, Ilhan Erkan, Yücel Güngen

“…The spindle component shows desmin, smooth muscle actin, and estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity immunohistochemically. …”
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Epithelium-dependent effect of L-glutamate on airways: involvement of prostaglandins by Apostolia A. Hatziefthimiou, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis, Paschalis-Adam Molyvdas

“…We investigated the effect of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor agonists L-glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), (RS)-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and kainic acid on KCl-induced contractions of rabbit tracheal smooth muscle, as well as the role of epithelium and endogenously produced nitric oxide and prostaglandins on these responses. …”
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17β-estradiol upregulates striatin protein levels via Akt pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. by Shuhui Zheng, Peng Sun, Haimei Liu, Runmei Li, Lingli Long, Yuxia Xu, Suiqing Chen, Jinwen Xu

“…We previously demonstrated that E2 increases striatin levels and inhibits migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of E2 on the regulation of striatin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). …”
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Hepatic Angiomyolipoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Jekaterina Strelčenko, Justas Kuliavas, Eugenijus Stratilatovas, Audrius Dulskas

“…Hepatic angiomyolipomas are uncommon non-cancerous mesenchymal tumors that belong to the perivascular epithelioid cell tumour group. Smooth muscle cells, fat cells and blood vessels can be observed in these types of neoplasm. …”
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Endothelin but Not Angiotensin II May Mediate Hypertension-Induced Coronary Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease by Simon W. Rabkin

“…Increased cellular phosphate may induce CAC through increased Ca x phosphate product, transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into a bone-producing phenotype or cell apoptosis that releases procalcific substances. …”
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Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: The Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Components by Laween Meran, Anna Baulies, Vivian S. W. Li

“…The cellular microenvironment including the adjacent Paneth cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, and neural cells as well as the extracellular matrix together constitute the intestinal stem cell niche. …”
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Polypoid Carcinoma of the Oropharynx with Stromal Ossifying Myofibroblastic Proliferation: A Case Report and Literature Review by Marcello Filotico, Alessandro D’Amuri

“…Immunohistochemistry documented positivity for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and P63 in the globoid elements beneath the necrotic rim; strong and diffuse expression of vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and CD99 and BCL2 in the spindle elements; and complete negativity for cytokeratin 5/6, high molecular weight cytokeratin (clone 34βE12), S100, muscle-specific actin, desmin, CD117, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. …”
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Adult Type Granulosa Cell Tumor: A Very Rare Case of Sex-Cord Tumor of the Testis with Review of the Literature by Dimosthenis Miliaras, Eleftherios Anagnostou, Ioannis Moysides

“…The immunoprofile of the tumor was CD99 (+), calretinin (+), inhibin (+), alpha smooth muscle actin (+), vimentin (+), ER (−), PR (−), keratin AE1/AE3 (−), alpha fetoprotein (−), CD117 (−), and placental alkaline phosphatase (−). …”
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The Heart as a Site of Metastasis of Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature by Mariam Meddeb, Robert D. Chow, Randolph Whipps, Reyaz Haque

“…Immunohistochemical staining was positive for smooth muscle α-actin and desmin, as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors, consistent with the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma.…”
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Idiopathic Myointimal Hyperplasia of Mesenteric Veins of the Ileum and Colon in a Patient with Crohn’s Disease: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature by Sharon J. Song, Stuti G. Shroff

“…Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins (IMHMV) is a rare disease characterized by intimal smooth muscle proliferation, leading to the thickening of small to medium-sized mesenteric veins. …”
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Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus with Heterologous Elements: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall by Kojo R. Rawish, Oluwole Fadare

“…The tumor recurred six months after its resection as an undifferentiated sarcoma that was negative for smooth muscle markers, but which remained positive for ER and PR. …”
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Prostatic Leiomyoma: A Case Report by Soufiane Mellas, Ahmed Amine Bouchikhi, Mohammed-Fadl Tazi, Abdelhak Khallouk, Jalal-Eddin Elammari, Mohammed-Jamal El Fassi, Moulay Hassan Farih

“…The histopathological examination revealed a benign smooth muscle tumor with absence of glandular hyperplasia; the result was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. …”
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Prostanoid Receptors in the Human Vascular Wall by Xavier Norel

“…The mechanisms involved in vascular homeostasis and disease are mostly dependent on the interactions between blood, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. There is an accumulation of evidence for the involvement of prostanoids, the arachidonic acid metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase enzymatic pathway, in physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions. …”
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Partial Nephrectomy for a Massive Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature by Jacob Albersheim-Carter, Molly Klein, Paari Murugan, Christopher J. Weight

“…Renal angiomyolipomas are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin with varying proportions of vasculature, smooth muscle spindle cells, and adipocytes, making management of such neoplasms a challenging endeavor. …”
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Enteric Duplication Cyst Containing Squamous and Respiratory Epithelium: An Interesting Case of a Typically Pediatric Entity Presenting in an Adult Patient by Jessica Leigh Baumann, Charmi Patel

“…They are characterized by the presence of an outer layer of smooth muscle and an inner lining of mucosa that may resemble any portion of the digestive tract. …”
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Therapeutic Implications of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases by Hiroshi Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Takano, Issei Komuro

“…In addition, activation of PPARγ is implicated in the regulation of endothelial function, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, and activation of macrophages. Many studies suggest that PPARγ ligands not only ameliorate insulin sensitivity, but also have pleiotropic effects on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart, and myocarditis.…”
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