Establishment of a Novel Model for Anticancer Drug Resistance in Three-Dimensional Primary Culture of Tumor Microenvironment by Tatsuya Usui, Masashi Sakurai, Shuhei Enjoji, Hideyoshi Kawasaki, Koji Umata, Takashi Ohama, Nobuyuki Fujiwara, Ryotaro Yabe, Shunya Tsuji, Hideyuki Yamawaki, Shoichi Hazama, Hiroko Takenouchi, Masao Nakajima, Ryouichi Tsunedomi, Nobuaki Suzuki, Hiroaki Nagano, Koichi Sato

“…Expression of an epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, a goblet cell marker, MUC2, and a fibroblast marker, vimentin, but not a myofibroblast marker, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), was observed in normal organoids. …”
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Antioxidant and Laxative Effects of Methanol Extracts of Green Pine Cones (<i>Pinus densiflora</i>) in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation by Hee-Jin Song, Ayun Seol, Jumin Park, Ji-Eun Kim, Tae-Ryeol Kim, Ki-Ho Park, Eun-Seo Park, Su-Jeong Lim, Su-Ha Wang, Ji-Eun Sung, Youngwoo Choi, Heeseob Lee, Dae-Youn Hwang

“…These effects were also verified in Lop+MPC-treated primary rat intestine smooth muscle cells (pRISMCs) through analyses for antioxidant defense mechanisms. …”
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HIF-1α and VEGF Immunophenotypes as Potential Biomarkers in the Prognosis and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Dimitra P. Vageli, Panagiotis G. Doukas, Dimitrios Georgiou, Michailangelos P. Prokopiou, Nefeli E. Ladaki, Androniki Papadopoulou, Sotirios G. Doukas, Konstantina Zacharouli, Konstantinos P. Makaritsis, Maria Ioannou

“…Increased HIF-1α in vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, or endothelial cells, under hypoxia, chronic loss of nitric oxide (NO), or reduced micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-17 and miR-20, is associated with the upregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), increased migration inhibitory factor of macrophages, glycolytic flux, lipid accumulation, necroptosis via miR-383, and adverse effects in atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. …”
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Helicobacter mastomyrinus infection induces autoimmune hepatitis in mice by Liqi Zhu, Yuanyuan Liang, Linghan Yang, Qihui Yang, Jun Yin, Tao Wang, Xiangming Xu, Quan Zhang

“…Results: It was observed that the infection initially caused focal necrotizing hepatitis and subsequently progressed to interface hepatitis with lymphocyte/plasma cell infiltration, as well as hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody reactions, predominantly to Anti-nuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. Furthermore, as the infection persisted, the mice exhibited a progressive increase in liver fibrosis and mild steatosis. …”
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Non-lethal sonodynamic therapy mitigates hypertensive renal fibrosis through the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1-autophagy pathway by DanDan Liu, Hui Wang, Jialong Li, Siqi Sheng, Shu Wang, Ye Tian

“…The kidney from mice was stained with masson’s trichrome staining for collagen fiber expression, while alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was determined via immunohistochemical staining. …”
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Moscatilin inhibits vascular calcification by activating IL13RA2-dependent inhibition of STAT3 and attenuating the WNT3/β-catenin signalling pathway by Tingting Zhang, Mengmeng Zhu, Jialing Ma, Zhenghong Liu, Zhidan Zhang, Meijie Chen, Yaping Zhao, Huaxin Li, Shengnan Wang, Xiaoning Wei, Wenwen Zhang, Xiaoxiao Yang, Peter J. Little, Danielle Kamato, Hao Hu, Yajun Duan, Baotong Zhang, Jianbo Xiao, Suowen Xu, Yuanli Chen

“…In vitro, we established the cellular model of osteogenesis of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) under phosphate conditions. …”
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Acute Hepatocellular Drug Induced Liver Injury Probably by Alfuzosin by Tufan Cicek, Huseyin Savas Gokturk, Gulhan Kanat Unler

“…Alpha blockers are the drugs that exert their effects by binding to alpha receptors and relaxing smooth muscles and are currently used for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). …”
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A Case of Progressive Ossifying Fibrodysplasia of Tracheobronchial Respiratory Muscles by Nouraly Habib, Anhum Konan, Tra Bi Zamble Olivier Didier

“…This lesional topography, if established, not yet described to our knowledge, contrasts with the observations of all the authors, including Munchmeyer, for whom smooth muscles and muscles attached to the skeleton by a single end are spared by the heterotopic ossifications characteristic of the disease. …”
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Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Auricle with Heterologous Osteosarcoma Component: Case Report and Literature Review by Andrea Dekanić, Nives Jonjić, Anita Savić Vuković

“…Leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of smooth muscles. Head and neck involvement by this disease is very rare, and cutaneous leiomoysarcomas of the ear are even rarer. …”
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Synthesis and preliminary ex vivo evaluation of the spasmolytic activity of 1,3-thiazolium- and 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-5-methylthio- and 5-thioacetate derivatives by Luis José A. S., Aquino Thiago M. De, Lira Bruno F., Filho Petrônio F. A., Scotti Marcus T., Scotti Luciana, Moura Ricardo O. De, Junior Francisco J. B. Mendonça

“…The newly synthesized compounds 5a, 6a, 11 and 12 were evaluated for their ex vivo spasmolytic potential on four isolated smooth muscles (rat aorta and uterus, guinea pig ileum and trachea) and compared with scopolamine. …”
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Regional anesthesia and muscle-wasting diseases in pediatrics: A focused educational review by Amr Elhamrawy, Islam Elmitwalli, Candice Burrier, Giorgio Veneziano, Joseph D. Tobias

“…In addition to affecting the skeletal musculature, many muscular dystrophies have effects on both cardiac and smooth muscles. As respiratory muscles are one of the most frequently affected muscles in patients with muscular dystrophies, progressive respiratory insufficiency may occur with dependance on non-invasive forms of respiratory support. …”
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Pharmacologic Targets and Prototype Therapeutics in the Kallikrein-Kinin System: Bradykinin Receptor Agonists or Antagonists by J. N. Sharma, G.J. AL-Sherif

“…It is a proinflammatory polypeptide that is involved in many pathological conditions and can cause pain, inflammation, increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, contraction of various smooth muscles, as well as cell proliferation. On the other hand, it has been shown that BK has cardioprotective effects, as all components of KKS are located in the cardiac muscles. …”
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Procedural Sedation with Dexmedetomidine for Anterior Mediastinotomy in a High-Risk Patient by Miguel Pratas, Jorge Aires, Nuno Pereira da Silva, Tiago Oliveira, Cristovão Pinto, Jiele Li, Ana Filipa Ribeiro

“…Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles under general anesthesia increases the risk of airway obstruction. …”
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Effects of Prosopis farcta Root Extract in the Vascular Reactivity of Isolated Goat Coronary Artery by Rezhna Adil Rasheed, Ismail Salih Ibrahim Kakey

“…Prosopis species is a medicinal plant, well-known for its beneficial effects in treating various smooth muscles disorders, and its phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different bioactive compounds in different parts of the plant, most of which show a great role in reducing cardiovascular risks. …”
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Diagnostics and Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russ... by V. T. Ivashkin, A. S. Trukhmanov, I. V. Maev, O. M. Drapkina, A. I. Martynov, O. A. Storonova, E. A. Godgello, M. P. Korolev, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, A. V. Paraskevova, I. A. Tarasova, E. D. Fedorov, A. T. Tskhovrebov, M. P. Shapka, A. L. Shestakov, A. V. Yurasov

“…Achalasia is an idiopathic neuromuscular disease manifested by a functional disorder of the patency of the cardia due to a lack of coordination between swallowing, reflex opening of the lower esophageal sphincter, and the motor and tonic activity of the smooth muscles of the esophagus. The etiology of achalasia remains unclear. …”
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