Adversarial example defense algorithm for MNIST based on image reconstruction by Zhongyuan QIN, Zhaoxiang HE, Tao LI, Liquan CHEN

“…With the popularization of deep learning, more and more attention has been paid to its security issues.The adversarial sample is to add a small disturbance to the original image, which can cause the deep learning model to misclassify the image, which seriously affects the performance of deep learning technology.To address this challenge, the attack form and harm of the existing adversarial samples were analyzed.An adversarial examples defense method based on image reconstruction was proposed to effectively detect adversarial examples.The defense method used MNIST as the test data set.The core idea was image reconstruction, including central variance minimization and image quilting optimization.The central variance minimization was only processed for the central area of the image.The image quilting optimization incorporated the overlapping area into the patch block selection.Considered and took half the size of the patch as the overlap area.Using FGSM, BIM, DeepFool and C＆amp;W attack methods to generate adversarial samples to test the defense performance of the two methods, and compare with the existing three image reconstruction defense methods (cropping and scaling, bit depth compression and JPEG compression).The experimental results show that the central variance minimization and image quilting optimization algorithms proposed have a satisfied defense effect against the attacks of existing common adversarial samples.Image quilting optimization achieves over 75% classification accuracy for samples generated by the four attack algorithms, and the defense effect of minimizing central variance is around 70%.The three image reconstruction algorithms used for comparison have unstable defense effects on different attack algorithms, and the overall classification accuracy rate is less than 60%.The central variance minimization and image quilting optimization proposed achieve the purpose of effectively defending against adversarial samples.The experiments illustrate the defense effect of the proposed defense algorithm in different adversarial sample attack algorithms.The comparison between the reconstruction algorithm and the algorithm shows that the proposed scheme has good defense performance.…”
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Effect of Soil Management Practices and Slope on Soil Fertility of Cultivated Lands in Mawula Watershed, Loma District, Southern Ethiopia by Damte Balcha Gadana, Parshotam Datt Sharma, Dereje Tsegaye Selfeko

“…Soil degradation is a serious problem challenging food security in Ethiopia. To halt degradation and restore impoverished soils, the government has initiated soil management practices in the affected areas. …”
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Drafting of the Union treaty in September-December 1991: from the dismantling of statehood to the USSR's collapse by A. V. Lukashin

“…Gorbachev made attempts to legally secure the preservation of the Union in the form of a confederation, the Republican leaders, first of all, the President of Russia B.N. …”
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CURRENT STATE AND FACTORS DETERMINING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MEAT ENTERPRISES INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA by Maria M. Chernyakova, Mikhail V. Tabaev

“…In recent years, there has been a positive trend in terms of import substitution of meat and meat products, however, a high share of imports still remains, exceeding the threshold level of food security. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the development of industrial production, as well as increasing the competitiveness of meat industry enterprises, especially at the regional level. …”
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Contesting a legendary legacy: A century of reflection on Raymond Dart and the Taung skull by Christa Kuljian

“… • While Raymond Dart’s significant contribution describing the Taung skull is secure, his overall legacy should be reassessed. …”
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Integrated management of Sorkhroud coastal area in line with tourism development by mehdi razjouyan, sadredin motevali, gholamrza janbaz ghobadi

“…The results show that from the point of view of half of government officials and experts, the expansion of the tourism industry on the one hand reduces the region's economic prosperity and on the other hand reduces regional security and environmental pollution. So in the current situation there is no motivation to expand the tourism industry for government managers; Thus, in order to prevent gaps and parallel activities, the provision of services to sustainable tourism development requires the integration of tourism management and continuous planning in organized, participatory and popular. …”
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Comparative assessment of the state of digitalisation in higher education institutions by N. I. Aksenova, O. V. Usacheva, M. K. Chernyakov

“…This methodology encompasses four spheres of digitalisation: management and information security, organisation of the educational process, organisation of extracurricular activities, and profiling. …”
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Profiling bacterial communities of irrigation water and leafy green vegetables produced by small-scale farms and sold in informal settlements in South Africa by D. M. Kgoale, J. K. Gokul, S. Duvenage, E. M. Du Plessis, L. Korsten

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Prevalence and management of child sexual abuse cases presented at Nigerian hospitals: A systematic review by Elizabeth Oluwatoyin Akin-Odanye

“…Conclusions: In Nigeria, healthcare and forensic management of CSA are poor, probably due to late presentation of victims at the hospital and to negligence on the part of health and security personnel. CSA is also possibly under-reported, with serious implications for the child and society. …”
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Comparison of Medical Adhesive Tapes in Patients at Risk of Facial Skin Trauma under Anesthesia by Ling Antonia Zeng, Sui An Lie, Shin Yuet Chong

“…Adhesive tapes are used for taping eyelids closed and securing endotracheal tubes during general anesthesia. …”
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Molecular characterization, DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of Nepalese rice landraces using SSR markers by Bal Krishna Joshi, Nancy Shrestha, Rakshya Pokhrel, Raju Chaudhary

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What factors are associated with utilisation of health services for the poor elderly? Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey in China by Yanbing Zeng, Weiqian Xu, Xiaomeng Tao

“…The poor elderly who are higher educated, have children, live in central regions and have social security and a poor health status and who do not smoke or drink are more likely to use health services. …”
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Innovative Approaches to Ensuring Cybersecurity and Public Safety: The Socio-Economic Dimension

“…A higher level of economic development and social security is accompanied by greater resilience to cyberthreats, while a high level of unemployment and significant economic inequality increase the vulnerability of society to such risks. …”
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Physical exercise behavior characteristics and influencing factors for participation in police officers by Yuliang Feng, Chao Chen, Yang Liu, Sen Li

“…ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze police officers’ exercise participation behavior and influencing factors in order to better promote physical exercise participation and improve the health status of the police force.MethodsPolice officers (n = 3,682) were recruited from 16 district public security substations in a city in eastern China to investigate their physical exercise participation and influencing factors, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate three aspects: exercise behavior, health cognition, and influencing factors.FindingsThe physical exercise behavior of police officers showed long duration of time, but low frequency and intensity. …”
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Classifying the Involvement of Men and Women in Climate Smart Agricultural Practices in Kayonza Sub-county by Turyasingura, Benson, Ayiga, Natal

“…Climate Smart Agriculture is an essential tactic to developing the technical, policy, and investment conditions that enable actions aimed at achieving sustainable agricultural development for food and nutrition security in a changing climate. The purpose of this study was therefore classifying the involvement of men and women in climate smart agricultural practices in Kayonza sub-county, Kanungu district, Uganda. …”
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Employment Relations and the Performance of Government Entities: A Case Study of Kabale District Local Government. by Asiimwe, Jackline

“…The study revealed that some of the relationship between employee relation and organizational performance of government entities were employee relationship is the major factor determining the performance of employees, beliefs, and behavior of the enterprises employees are held to occupy strategic role in corporate success, security and sense of belonging was more important in determining workers morale and productivity. …”
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Museums and Development of Communities in Rukiga District: A Case Study of Great Lakes Museum. by Tumuheirwe, Judith

“…The study concluded that natural disasters, environmental changes, being a barrier against modernization and lack of security are the major challenges facing museums. The study concluded that promoting exhibitions, adapting to technology, support packages that combine museum entrance, local transportation, and access to other cultural activities, and using a proactive approach are possible solutions to the challenges facing museums. …”
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Exploring the Root Causes of Low Household Income among Smallholder Farmers in Kamuli District, Busoga Region, Uganda. by Lubaale, Ronald Gideon, Ocan, Johnson, Adyanga, Francis Akena

“…By addressing the root causes of low household income, this study sought to contribute to poverty reduction and food security in Kamuli District and beyond.…”
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Effect of School Welfare on English Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in the Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale Municipality. by Katwesigye, Kevin

“…Regarding access to medical care, the research found that providing medical care promotes a sense of security and peace of mind among English teachers, which positively influences their job satisfaction. …”
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Experiences of Participants in An Agricultural Livelihood Support Initiative for People Living With HIV In Central Uganda. by Tumwine, Christopher, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Zakumumpa, Henry, Seeley, Janet, Oucul, Lazarus

“…Several participants reported positive livelihood outcomes including improved food security, better nutrition, increased income, and improved mental health. …”
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