The Impact of U.S. and UN Sanctions on Iraqi Political Elite by R. Sh. Mamedov, V. A. Morozov

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L'exil irakien à Damas by Mohamed Kamel Doraï

“…Since the fall of Saddam Hussein regime, the conflict in Iraq is still ongoing and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis have been constrained to leave their country to move in great number towards Syria. …”
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Imperatives of Strengthening Governance in the World Bank’s Engagement in Iraq, 2014–2018 by A. I. Solomatin

“…In 2014 ISIS took over large swathes of territory in war-torn Syria and Iraq, which had gone through a complex and extremely risky process of nation-building after overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime. In June of 2014 ISIS proclaimed a ‘caliphate’ on the territories under its control. …”
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Reconstructing Iraq after the Victory over the Islamic State: Prospects for International Engagement by article Editorial

“…Special attention is paid to comparing the context and the outcomes of the forum in Kuwait and the Madrid Conference of 2003 — the first pledging conference for reconstruction of Iraq held after the overthrow of the Saddam Hussein. The conclusion is drawn that smaller than expected commitments made by international donors in Kuwait (mostly in the form of loans and export credits) can be expalined, mainly, by the shift in the perceptions of the ‘established’ donors, and the U.S. in particular, which proved to be unwillling to invest large sums of money in a notoriously corrupt country and at the same time quite confident about the oil-rich Iraq’s ability to meet reconstruction needs from its own funds. …”
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