Some implications of an epistemic-intersubjective interpretation of the “beyond all reasonable doubt” standard of proof for criminal investigations by Edgar R. Aguilera

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Taking the Evolution of the Standards of Proof for a Criminal Conviction Seriously by Jacopo Della Torre

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Standardisation of prof by investigating judges when exercising their powers to consider requests for permission to conduct procedural actions by R. M. Balats

“…The function of judicial control finds its practical implementation through the formal existence of a certain range of powers of the investigating judge and through their exercise during criminal proceedings; 2) the consideration of requests for permission to conduct procedural actions is a type of powers of the investigating judge aimed at exercising the function of judicial control over the observance of the rights, freedoms and interests of persons in criminal proceedings; 3) the consideration of requests for permission to conduct procedural actions is carried out in the form of evidence, which is standardised by the legislator; 4) standards of proof are a set of rules that must be followed by the subject of criminal proceedings and ensure that he or she has the level of conviction necessary to make a lawful and reasonable decision; 5) when considering requests for procedural actions (depending on the type of procedural action), the investigating judge must be guided by the following standards of proof: reasonable grounds, reasonable suspicion; beyond reasonable doubt; 6) the guidelines for the application of the “beyond reasonable doubt” standard by the investigating judge when deciding on the choice of preventive measures are not directly provided for by law, but follow from the nature and objectives of this procedure.…”
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On understanding of proof in English and American law by O. V. Tiaglo

“…And even those of these subordinate concepts, which correspond to criminal cases and include the strongest requirements, do not require truth or absolute certainty of the conclusion, agreeing only on absence of reasonable doubt that by nature is subjective and practically never avoid some dependence on rhetorical influence. …”
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Spiritual abuse under the banner of the right to freedom of religion in religious cults can be addressed by S. P. Pretorius

“…Underlying psychological processes that induce members in cults to engage in radical behaviour changes cannot be proved without reasonable doubt in any legal action. The conclusion reached in this article is that although – on paper – the right to religious freedom ensures freedom in the sense that people can choose their religion, it cannot ensure that worship in any religion is a voluntary act on the part of the participants. …”
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Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014) by Geoffrey Supran, Naomi Oreskes

“…For example, accounting for expressions of reasonable doubt, 83% of peer-reviewed papers and 80% of internal documents acknowledge that climate change is real and human-caused, yet only 12% of advertorials do so, with 81% instead expressing doubt. …”
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