PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Suppresses Renal mPGES-1/PGE2 Pathway in db/db Mice by Ying Sun, Zhanjun Jia, Gang Liu, Li Zhou, Mi Liu, Baoxue Yang, Tianxin Yang

“…Following 1-week rosiglitazone (Rosi) therapy, urinary PGE2, but not other prostanoids, was reduced by 57% in parallel with significant reduction of mPGES-1 protein and EP4 mRNA expressions. By immunohistochemistry, mPGES-1 was significantly induced in the glomeruli of db/db mice, which was almost entirely abolished by Rosi. …”
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Cultivable Anaerobic Microbiota of Infected Root Canals by Takuichi Sato, Keiko Yamaki, Naoko Ishida, Kazuhiro Hashimoto, Yasuhisa Takeuchi, Megumi Shoji, Emika Sato, Junko Matsuyama, Hidetoshi Shimauchi, Nobuhiro Takahashi

“…After 7 days, colony forming units (CFU) were counted and isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results. The mean bacterial count (CFU) in root canals was (0.5±1.1)×106 (range 8.0×101–3.1×106), and anaerobic bacteria were predominant (89.8%). …”
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NRBF2 plays a crucial role in the acquisition process of learning and memory, independent of the Vps34 complex by Songfen Wu, Songfen Wu, Songfen Wu, Haicai Zhuang, Haicai Zhuang, Haicai Zhuang, Xidan Zhou, Kuan Li, Kuan Li, Kuan Li

“…Employing quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, behavioral tests, and electrophysiology, we investigated the mechanisms through which NRBF2 affects memory processing.ResultsWe observed an increase in Nrbf2 mRNA levels at 6 and 12 h, and protein levels at 6 h post fear conditioning. …”
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Exosome-based targeted delivery of NF-κB ameliorates age-related neuroinflammation in the aged mouse brain by Chae-Jeong Lee, Seung Hyun Jang, Jiwoo Lim, Hyunju Park, So-Hee Ahn, Seon Young Park, Hyangmi Seo, Soo-Jin Song, Jung-A Shin, Chulhee Choi, Heon Yung Gee, Youn-Hee Choi

“…In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes loaded with a nondegradable form of IκB (Exo-srIκB), which inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB to suppress age-related neuroinflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these anti-inflammatory exosomes targeted macrophages and microglia, reducing the expression of inflammation-related genes. …”
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High-Resolution Melting Analysis to Detect Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in South African Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates and Specimens by Nireshni Mitchev, Ravesh Singh, Veron Ramsuran, Arshad Ismail, Mushal Allam, Stanford Kwenda, Florah Mnyameni, Nigel Garrett, Khine Swe Swe-Han, Abraham J. Niehaus, Koleka P. Mlisana

“…Resistance determinants 16SrRNA_C1192U (spectinomycin), mtrR_G45D (azithromycin), and penA_D545S, penA_mosaic (cefixime/ceftriaxone) correlated with the WHO control isolates. …”
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Partial replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal in diets of broiler chicken sustains performance by upregulating the expression of nutrient transporter genes in small inte... by S. Haldar, S.S. Arora, A.K. Dhara, A. Debnath

“…Inclusion of the HF-CSM upregulated the expression of nutrient co-transporter genes responsible for absorption of small peptides (PEPT-1), glucose and other hexose sugars (SGLT-1, GLUT-5), and amino acids (EAAT-3) in the small intestine at 24 d (P = 0.001, linear effect) and 42 d (P = 0.001, quadratic effect). Expression of PYY mRNA, associated with satiety regulation, increased with HF-CSM levels in diet at 24 d (P = 0.0001 linear effect) and 42 d (P = 0.001, linear effect), suggesting a potential anorexigenic effect. …”
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Gut Microbial Composition and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Dairy Calves with Diarrhea by Lu Zhang, Jun Bai, Qian Guo, Long Li, Yanqing Jia, Xinxin Qiu, Dong Zhou, Zhencang Zhang, Huafeng Niu

“…Rectal fecal samples were collected from five healthy and five diarrheic Holstein calves on a large dairy farm in Shaanxi Province, China. High-throughput 16S-rRNA sequencing and PCR were utilized for microbial and resistance gene analysis. …”
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Grem1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of MBMSCs in OVX rats through BMP/Smad1/5 signaling pathway by Shan-shan Yang, Min LinHu, Xiao-hua Hu, Si-si Jiang, Wen-yue Hu, Xiao-hong Yang

“…Plasmids for Grem1 overexpression and siRNA for Grem1 knockdown were transfected into MBMSCs, and WB was used to assess the regulatory role of Grem1 on MBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. …”
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Application of the weighted histogram method for calculating the thermodynamic parameters of the formation of oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes by I. I. Yushin, V. M. Golyshev, D. V. Pyshnyi, A. A. Lomzov

“…Some of the most important physicochemical properties of oligonucleotides are thermodynamic parameters of the formation of their duplexes with DNA and RNA. These parameters can be calculated only for a few NA derivatives: locked NAs, bridged oligonucleotides, and peptide NAs. …”
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Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis by Pau Obregon-Gutierrez, Yasser Mahmmod, Emili Barba-Vidal, Marina Sibila, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Virginia Aragón

“…Microbiota composition was inferred by V3V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, and the antibody response was quantified using the variation between the levels before and after vaccination (normalized per farm). …”
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Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization by Guokun Liu, Xuan Du, Li Xiao, Qing Zeng, QianLing Liu

“…Accumulating evidence has elucidated the biological function of lncRNAs in various tumors. FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1) is identified as a significant tumor regulator in malignancies. …”
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Hyaluronate Acid-Dependent Protection and Enhanced Corneal Wound Healing against Oxidative Damage in Corneal Epithelial Cells by Jing Zhong, Yuqing Deng, Bishan Tian, Bowen Wang, Yifang Sun, Haixiang Huang, Ling Chen, Shiqi Ling, Jin Yuan

“…Then, the wound healing rates, the RNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and repair factors were examined. …”
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Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus Strains with Antifungal Activity Isolated from Animal Manure by Soundharrajan Ilavenil, Hyung Soo Park, Mayakrishnan Vijayakumar, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Da Hye Kim, Sivanesan Ravikumar, Ki Choon Choi

“…Biochemical and physiology properties of strains confirmed that the strains are related to the Lactobacillus sp.; further, the 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed 99.99% sequence similarity towards Lactobacillus plantarum. …”
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Time-Restricted Feeding Reinforces Gut Rhythmicity by Restoring Rhythms in Intestinal Metabolism in a Jetlag Mouse ModelSummary by Hui Leng, Theo Thijs, Louis Desmet, Guillaume Vanotti, Mona Farhadipour, Inge Depoortere

“…An around-the-clock bulk-RNA sequencing study was performed on the jejunal mucosa. …”
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Molecular and morphology identification of Squat lobster (Family Galatheidae) in Seribu Islands, Jakarta by Amanda Siregar Raissha, Putri Anggraini Nurlita, Restiana Endang Gelis Ester, Suryo Kusumo Bagus, Subhan Beginer, P Zamani Neviaty, Madduppa Hawis, Najwa Khalilah

“…The mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene target was used for molecular identification. …”
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Iron Reduces M1 Macrophage Polarization in RAW264.7 Macrophages Associated with Inhibition of STAT1 by Zhen-Shun Gan, Qian-Qian Wang, Jia-Hui Li, Xu-Liang Wang, Yi-Zhen Wang, Hua-Hua Du

“…Iron significantly reduced mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS produced by IFN-γ-polarized M1 macrophages. …”
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Effects of Pristane Alone or Combined with Chloroquine on Macrophage Activation, Oxidative Stress, and Th1/Th2 Skewness by Qiufang Ouyang, Ziyang Huang, Zhenhua Wang, Xiaoqing Chen, Jingqin Ni, Ling Lin

“…And the expression of T-bet/GATA-3 and IL-12/IL-10 mRNA in spleen were analyzed by real-time PCR. We found that pristane treatment for a period of 12 or 24 weeks triggered macrophage activation syndrome, characterized by hemophagocytosis in spleen and peripheral blood, enhanced lipid phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in vitro, erythropenia and leucopenia, increased anti-Smith, lactic dehydrogenase, triglyceride, and ferritin, as well as hypercytokinemia of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-6. …”
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Disruption of Gut Microbiota and Associated Fecal Metabolites in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mice During the Early Stage by Wu D, Yin M, Cao D, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Wei Y, Li Y, Wen C, Zhou J

“…Footpad thickness, serum autoantibodies, and joint histopathology were used to assess the progression of RA. A combination of 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics and targeted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis were employed to comprehensively investigate the alterations of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in CIA during the pre-RA stage.Results: 20 days after the initial collagen immunization, CIA mice showed immune responses without joint symptoms, alongside gut microbiota disruption. …”
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Protocol to study the impact of breast cancer on colonization resistance of mouse microbiota using network node manipulation by Ana Laura Cano-Argüelles, Alejandra Wu-Chuang, Lourdes Mateos-Hernandez, Lianet Abuin-Denis, Apolline Maitre, Janet Avellanet, Arlem García, Dasha Fuentes, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz

“…Here, we describe the procedures for tumor cell production and inoculation and 16S rRNA data processing. We then detail steps for constructing co-occurrence networks based on correlations between microbial abundances.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu-Chuang et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.…”
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Activating CD137 Signaling Promotes Sprouting Angiogenesis via Increased VEGFA Secretion and the VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS Pathway by Bo Li, Yue Zhang, Runting Yin, Wei Zhong, Rui Chen, Jinchuan Yan

“…Inhibition of VEGFR2 by siRNA or XL184 (cabozantinib) and inhibition of downstream signaling by LY294002 (inhibits AKT activation) and L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) remarkably abolished proangiogenic effects of CD137 signaling both in vitro and ex vivo. …”
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