Urinary exosomal miRNA-451a can be used as a potential noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis, reflecting tubulointerstitial damage and therapeutic response in IgA nephropathy by Qiong Zhang, Yan Zhao, Yankun Luo, Songjia Guo, Haizhu Hou, Xiaoli Han, Yun Zhou

“…The expression of miR-451a within exosomes was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). uE miR-451a was significantly upregulated in patients with IgAN compared to non-IgAN and HCs. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Carrying Viral Fusogenic Protein p14 to Treat Solid Tumors by Inducing Cell–Cell Fusion and Immune Activation by Yao Wang, Xunlei Pang, Ruirui Li, Jiuzhou Chen, Chen Wen, Huihuang Zhu, Tingyu Long, Jianjie Li, Lijun Zheng, Youcai Deng, Junnian Zheng, Bo Xu

“…RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were performed to elucidate the mechanism of syncytia death. …”
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Breast Cancer Conditioned Media Modulate the Expression of Immune Checkpoints and Adhesion Molecules in Endothelial Cells by İpek Türkdönmez, Emel Şahin, Mehmet Şahin

“…Materials and Methods: In this study, the expression levels of some immune checkpoints, including lymphocyte-activation-protein 3 (LAG-3), V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), IDO-2, programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1), PD-L2, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, (CTLA-4), and some adhesion molecules, including E-cadherin, VE-cadherin, E-selectin, platelet EC adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in HUVEC ECs preincubated with the conditioned media (CM) collected from normal (CRL-4010) and carcinoma cells (CRL-2329 and MDA-MB-231). …”
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Prevalence and molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant isolates among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Central South China: a multicenter study by Zijuan Jian, Yanjun Liu, Zhiqian Wang, Peilin Liu, Jiahui Wang, Qun Yan, Wenen Liu

“…The mgrB gene and the relative expression of the pmrC and pmrK genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. …”
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A family with normal sperm motility carrying a sY86 deletion in AZFa region and partial deletion in AZFc region by Yuhong Zhao, Weiwei Zhi, Weiwei Zhi, Dongsheng Xiong, Dongsheng Xiong, Ningjing Li, Xinrong Du, Jiuzhi Zeng, Jiuzhi Zeng, Guohui Zhang, Guohui Zhang, Weixin Liu, Weixin Liu

“…Here, we reported a rare case of AZF deletion in a family, where both father and son exhibited a deletion at the sY86 site in the AZFa region and a partial deletion in the AZFc region.Methods and ResultsDetection was performed using classical multiplex polymerase chain reaction and the “Male AZF Full-region Detection” Panel, revealing specific deletions in AZFa: Yq11.21 (14,607,372–14,637,973), 30.6 kb; AZFc: Yq11.223–11.23 (25,848,831–27,120,665), 1.3 M for the father; and Yq11.223–11.23 (25,505,378–27,120,665), 1.6 M for the son. …”
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High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Impact of Colposcopic Lesion Area on Systemic Immune Responses by Mantoani PTS, Micheli DC, Jammal MP, Vieira JH, Michelin MA, Ferreira CGX, Silva HN, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS

“…Genotyping for HPV (human papillomavirus) 16, 18, 45 and 52 was performed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves were calculated to determine whether there existed a cut-off value for serum cytokines in patients with colposcopic lesion area smaller vs larger than 1 cm2. …”
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Periodontal pathogens and obesity in the context of cardiovascular risks across age groups by Georgy Leonov, Yurgita Varaeva, Elena Livantsova, Andrey Vasilyev, Andrey Vasilyev, Olga Vladimirskaya, Tatyana Korotkova, Dmitry Nikityuk, Antonina Starodubova, Antonina Starodubova

“…Oral samples were collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to identify periodontal pathogens. …”
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Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with clinical manifestations of peripheral artery disease as a function of Т(–786)С polymorphism of the endothelial NO-synthase... by V.I. Tseluyko, L.M. Yakovleva, O.D. Yarova

“…The study of allelic polymorphism of eNOs gene promoter was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results. According to the results of genotyping of Т(–786)С gene polymorphism of eNOs the share of T/T genotypes in the control group (45.7 %) and in patients with PAD (33 %) was not different (р = 0.18), and C/T more frequently found in the control group (48.6 % vs 26 %; p = 0.01), whereas the prevalence of the C/C genotype in patients with PAD was significantly higher than in healthy individuals (41 % vs 5.7 %; p = 0.0001). …”
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A Novel Multiplex LAMP Assay for the Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum from Iran by Sahar Samsami, Sahar Namavari, Saeed Ataei, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Ava Yazdanpanah, Neda Sepahi, Gholamreza Hatam, Hossein Faramarzi, Hadi Mirzaei, Razie Ranjbar, Ali Ghanbariasad

“…The diagnostic performance of the multiplex LAMP method for VL was compared to each LAMP assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and nested PCR technique. …”
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Revised recommendations from the CSO-HNS taskforce on performance of tracheotomy during the COVID-19 pandemic – what a difference a year makes by D. D. Sommer, D. Cote, T. McHugh, M. Corsten, M. A. Tewfik, S. Khalili, K. Fung, M. Gupta, N. Sne, P. T. Engels, E. Weitzel, T. F. E. Brown, J. Paul, K. M. Kost, J. A. Anderson, L. Sowerby, D. Mertz, I. J. Witterick

“…Main body Based on recent evidence, a negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 swab status is no longer the main deciding factor in the timing of tracheotomy. …”
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Association of serum and local GRP78 and CHOP expressions with disease progression in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head by Peng Zhang, Qing-He Ye, Wen-Xiu Zhu, Yong-Heng Zhao, Hong-Xun Zhu, Biao-Fang Wei

“…Local CHOP and GRP78 expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blot, alongside real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Radiographic severity was assessed by FICAT grading system. …”
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A noninvasive method for the detection of foetal DNA in early pregnancy based on differential methylation pattern of Ras association domain family member 1A by Yulin Sha, Wei Liu, Jiongzhi Hong, Yan Yang, Jian Yu, Xiaodong Fu

“…After digestion of the cell samples using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme cocktail, a critical step to differentiate between maternal and foetal DNA, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of RASSF1A and β-actin (ACTB) were employed to measure foetal DNA and cell concentrations. …”
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Interaction of genetics risk score and fatty acids quality indices on healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotype by Niloufar Rasaei, Seyedeh Fatemeh Fatemi, Fatemeh Gholami, Mahsa Samadi, Mohammad Keshavarz Mohammadian, Elnaz Daneshzad, Khadijeh Mirzaei

“…Three single nucleotide polymorphisms-MC4R (rs17782313), CAV-1 (rs3807992), and Cry-1(rs2287161) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and were combined to produce the genetic risk score (GRS). …”
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Danggui-Shaoyao-San Can Ameliorate Alzheimer’s Disease by Inhibiting Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis: Findings from Serum Pharmacology by Zhang KX, Zhang JW, Jiang YH, Wang YR, Liu ZL, Ding PL, Wang XY, Cui WQ, Xu XQ, Wang YH

“…Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), Morris water maze,Western blot (WB), Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence were used to study the effect of DSS on AD. …”
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Single-cell analyses of intestinal epithelium reveal the dysregulation of gut immune microenvironment in systemic lupus erythematosus by Qiaolin Wang, Yutong Wu, Lianlian Ouyang, Xiaoli Min, Meiling Zheng, Lingyu Gao, Xiaoyun Chen, Zhi Hu, Shuang Yang, Wenjuan Jiang, Sujie Jia, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao

“…The primary findings from scRNA-seq were further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), flow cytometry, and in vivo experiments including selenium supplementation. …”
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The prevalence of conjunctivitis in patients with novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and preventive measures by I.R. Gazizova, Yu.A. Desheva, T.V. Gavrilova, V.A. Chereshnev

“…</i> </p> <p> <i>More research is needed to describe the presence of viral RNA in tears and to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted by the contact with conjunctiva and/or through secrets although conjunctivitis was diagnosed in only a few patients with COVID-19 and only a few patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by conjunctival polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</i> </p> <p> <i>Potential transmission of novel coronavirus through the ocular surface is of great concern to ophthalmologists. …”
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Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Bing Li, Yu Cheng, Songyan Yu, Li Zang, Yaqi Yin, Jiejie Liu, Lin Zhang, Yiming Mu

“…Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed to monitor the expression of the lipid metabolism- and regulatory pathway-related genes. …”
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Polymorphism of Dehydrocholesterol Reductase (DHCR7) Gene and its Effects on Metabolic Components of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women: A Cross-sectional Study from Tertiary Care... by Susmita Banerjee, Shuvankar Mukherjee, Anindya Dasgupta, Palash Kusum Ghosh

“…Anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrine tests were performed on both the control (n=50) and PCOS groups (case group, n=78). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with suitable primers, followed by restriction digestion using Taq1 enzyme, was used to identify Dehydrocholesterol Reductase (DHCR7) gene polymorphism in women with PCOS in Eastern India. …”
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Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, South China by Zhaomin Cheng, Pinghua Qu, Peifeng Ke, Xiaohan Yang, Qiang Zhou, Kai Lan, Min He, Nannan Cao, Sheng Qin, Xianzhang Huang

“…Detection of resistance genes, serotyping, and determination of virulence genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. The clonal relationships among the colonized strains were evaluated by multilocus sequence typing. …”
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An electrolyte-gated transistor for the monitoring of a CRISPR/Cas activity by Pierre Guermonprez, Le Tu Anh, Louis Renaud, Pierre Nioche, Eric Krejci, Aurélie Alleaume-Butaux, Nicolas Battaglini, Vu Thi Thu, Sébastien Sanaur, Benoît Piro

“…Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard, but clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats linked to a Cas endoribonuclease particle (CRISPR/Cas) have recently revolutionized the recognition step of two RNAs, i.e. the CRISPR-RNA (crRNA) and the target, providing a much better selectivity compared to the naked hybridization on which RT-PCR is based. …”
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