Prognostic importance of human leukocyte antigen DRβ1 gene and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor Type 22 gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis by Pramod Kumar Verma, Usha Singh, Shyam Kumar Saraf, Narendra Kumar Singh

“…HLA DRβ1 typing was done by low-resolution sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction and auto-antibodies (Abs) (rheumatoid factor [RF], anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP2) Ab, anti-nuclear Ab, double-stranded deoxyribose nucleic acid, anticardiolipin Ab) were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. …”
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Changes in Methylation Patterns of Tumor Suppressor Genes during Extended Human Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures by Kyung Min Kang, Jeoung Eun Lee, Ji Eun Park, Hyunjin Kim, Hee Yeon Jang, Minyeon Go, Dong Ryul Lee, Sung Han Shim

“…CGI methylation levels of 24 tumor suppressor genes were analyzed using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA), pyrosequencing, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Different CGI methylation patterns of CASP8, FHIT, and CHFR genes were identified in between early and late passages in some hESC lines. …”
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Metformin enhances epithelial cell growth inhibition via the protein kinase–insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 pathway by Xuping Shao, Changling Li, Junhui Liang, Li Changzhong

“…Ten patients with ovarian-type endometriosis and eight patients each who underwent surgical treatment for other lesions with or without endometriosis were selected, and their tissues taken for cell proliferation, western blotting, polymerase chain reaction, and knockdown experiments.Results Ectopic and eutopic stromal cells (EcSCs and EuSCs) lost their ability to inhibit epithelial cell proliferation, and IGFBP1 expression was downregulated in both groups of stromal cells compared to that in normal stromal cells (NSCs; 1.09 vs. 0.25, p = .0002 1.09 vs. 0.57, p = .0029). …”
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Production of recombinant norovirus VP1 protein and its antigenic and immunogenic properties by Vladislav A. Lapin, Dmitry V. Novikov, Ekaterina V. Mokhonova, Dmitry A. Melentyev, Maria I. Tsyganova, Dmitry E. Zaitsev, Viktor V. Novikov

“…Computer analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, molecular cloning, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis of nucleic acids in agarose gel and proteins in polacrylamide gel, affinity chromatography, enzyme immunoassay. …”
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Investigation of malaria vectors Anopheles in non-endemic areas of Thailand: in proximity to workplaces housing foreign migrant workers by Nurhadi Eko Firmansyah, Thaksaporn Thongseesuksai, Thidarut Boonmars, Porntip Laummaunwai

“…Subsequently, the collected female mosquitoes underwent morphological identification using Standard Thailand keys and polymerase chain reaction analysis with rDNA ITS2 primers. …”
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Cytogenetics and Molecular Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Referral Center in Tehran, Iran by Mahshid Heidary Sadegh, Maniya Mozafari, Mohammad Vasei, Sajjadeh Movahedinia, Marzieh Hosseini, Moeinadin Safavi

“…Patients were evaluated for cytogenetic alterations by bone marrow karyotyping and polymerase chain reaction molecular methods. Patients were followed up to evaluate overall survival and recurrence-free survival. …”
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Evaluation of the Urine POC-CCA Test Accuracy in the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Getaneh Alemu, Endalkachew Nibret

“…Single POC-CCA test resulted in a pooled sensitivity estimate of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78–0.84) as evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reference test. Conclusions. …”
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Determination of Carbapenemase-Producing OXA- 48 and KPC Genes in Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Infectious Samples of Cardiovascular Patients Hospitalize... by Mina Owrang, Ebrahim Taheri Hossein Abad, Shakiba Shafaie

“…The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates was assessed using the disc diffusion test (DDT) in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to confirm the presence of OXA-48 and KPC genes. …”
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Stryphnodendron adstringens have a modulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines markers of in vitro activated macrophages by Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz, Cibele Ferreira Teixeira, Neida Luiza Pellenz, Moisés Henrique Mastella, Verônica Farina Azzolin, Euler Esteves Ribeiro, Fernanda Barbisan

“…The effects on cell proliferation rate and the concentration and production of transcripts of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were assessed using spectrophotometric, immunoassay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Results: S. adstringens extract at all concentrations tested here reduced the cellular proliferation rate of activated macrophages. …”
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: CKS2 induces autophagy-mediated glutathione metabolic reprogramming to facilitate ferroptosis resistance in colon cancer by Leilei Yang, Chengfeng Fang, Jiaju Han, Yufeng Ren, Zaiping Yang, Lingyan Shen, Dinghai Luo, Ruili Zhang, Yan Chen, Shenkang Zhou

“…CKS2 expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). …”
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Association Between GSK3β Gene Polymorphisms (rs334558 and rs3755557) with Schizophrenia Risk by Maryam Montazeri Dehbarez, Dormohammad Kordi Tamandani, Nasim Naeimi, Shahram Vaziri, Mohammad Shekari

“…Then, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) to examine the GSK3ß SNPs (rs334558 and rs3755557) patterns. …”
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Molecular characterization and genome sequencing of selected highly resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its association with the clustered regularly interspac... by Hekmat A. Owaid, Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili

“…The presence of the CRISPR/Cas system was determined via specific primers using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further, WGS was conducted using a DNA nanoball sequencing platform via BGI-Tech for the isolates of interest. …”
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Genotyping <em> Escherichia coli </em> O157:H7 strains isolated from cattle and small ruminants in Fars province (Iran) using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR A... by Sedigheh Mokhtari, Yahya Tahamtan, Mohammad Kargar, Keyvan Tadayon, Elham Moazamian

“…Methods: An Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the genetic relationships and potential cross-contamination among isolates. …”
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Association of AFF3 Gene Polymorphism rs10865035 with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study on a Pakistani Cohort by Yasir Ali, Suleman Khan, Yangchao Chen, Nadia Farooqi, Zia-Ul Islam, Mehran Akhtar, Aamir, Aisha Aman, Aftab Ali Shah, Muhsin Jamal, Fazal Jalil

“…A total of 703 individuals, including 409 RA patients and 294 healthy controls, were genotyped using TaqMan assay and Tri primer ARMS-PCR (amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) methods. The association of rs10865035 with the RA was statistically determined using different models. …”
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Subclinical disease among people with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in Singapore - a retrospective study by Yi Rong Chew, Jun Yang Tay, Win Mar Kyaw, Po Ying Chia, Deborah Hee Ling Ng

“…The majority of cases (96.7% and 96.0% respectively) had abnormal chest X-ray findings, and a high proportion had smear-positive results (40.0% and 35.6%, respectively). Sputum TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was significant in picking up subclinical TB adjusted odds ratio 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.10-31), although 42.2% with no persistent cough and 41.2% with no cough did not have sputum TB PCR tested, highlighting gaps in diagnostic practices. …”
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Diagnostic accuracy of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected samples among women referred for colposcopy by ChunX Yan, Jiong Ma, Xia Zheng, Jing Shu, XiaoJ Wang, XiaoY Chen, Feng Gao, XiaoQ Li, ShanQ M, LongM Huang, XiaoT Yu, XueJ Chen

“…Abstract To assess the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected urine and vaginal samples for the identification of precancerous cervical lesions in the referral population using high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) assays based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was a prospective study carried out in China from June 2021 to March 2022. …”
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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cysticercus tenuicollis Isolated from Some Intermediate Host in Kurdistan-Iraq by Abdullah Ahmed Hama, Rostam Hama Zorab, Fatima Mohammed Ali, Awaz M. Salih, Amer Abdullah Hassan

“…The selected cysts were preserved in 70% Ethanol for DNA extraction and molecular study,  The mt-CO1 gene was amplified with a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the PCR product purified and DNA sequencing for reverse and forward strands was determined by a genetic analyzer, the obtained sequences aligned with the DNA sequences of T. hydatigena in Iran, Turkey and Palestine, which deposited in GenBank under the following accession number (JQ710588), (JN827307) and ( KM032284) respectively. …”
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Effect of afzelin on inflammation and lipogenesis in particulate matter-stimulated C. acnes-treated SZ95 sebocytes by Ji Yeon Hong, Yong Hee Choi, Yoon Jin Roh, Mi-Kyung Lee, Christos C. Zouboulis, Kui Young Park

“…The gene expression profile was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and protein expression was confirmed via western blotting and immunofluorescence. …”
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Changes in Gastric Smooth Muscle Cell Contraction during Pregnancy: Effect of Estrogen by Othman A. Al-Shboul, Hanan J. Al-Rshoud, Ahmed N. Al-Dwairi, Mohammad A. Alqudah, Mahmoud A. Alfaqih, Ayman G. Mustafa, Mohammad Jaafar

“…Protein and mRNA expression levels of ERs were measured via specifically designed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. NO and cGMP levels were measured via specifically designed ELISA kits. …”
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Pharmacogenetics: Influence of CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles polymorphisms on Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients by Ghada S. Rasool, Asmaa A. Hussien, Suhad R. Al-Tayie, Salwa J. Al-Awadi, Hussein OM Al-Dahmoshi

“…Allele specific amplification-polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype the CYP2C9 gene. …”
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