Prognostic and Predictive Value of CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Patients with Locally Advanced Nonmetastatic Sporadic Colorectal Cancer by Yuwei Wang, Yadong Long, Ye Xu, Zuqing Guan, Peng Lian, Junjie Peng, Sanjun Cai, Guoxiang Cai

“…Promoter methylation of p14ARF, hMLH1, p16INK4a, MGMT, and MINT1 was determined by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). CIMP positive was defined as hypermethylation of three or more of the five genes. …”
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Association of PPAR Alpha Intron 7 G/C, PPAR Gamma 2 Pro12Ala, and C161T Polymorphisms with Serum Fetuin-A Concentrations by Bernadett Márkus, Krisztián Vörös, Dorina Supák, Zsolt Melczer, Károly Cseh, László Kalabay

“…Fetuin-A levels and PPAR polymorphisms were determined by radial immunodiffusion and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. …”
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The Impact of DNA Methylation on IL6 mRNA Levels in Hematinic Deficiency and Atopy-Associated Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients by Nanan Nur’aeny, Dida Akhmad Gurnida, Oki Suwarsa, Irna Sufiawati

“…The methylation levels of the IL6 promoter were assessed by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. The gene expression of RAS and the control group was analyzed by the 2−ΔΔCT method. …”
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Tetracycline and chloramphenicol exposure induce decreased susceptibility to tigecycline and genetic alterations in AcrAB-TolC efflux pump regulators in Escherichia coli and Klebsi... by Nian Anwar Nasralddin, Mehri Haeili, Sasan Karimzadeh, Fatemeh Alsahlani

“…The expression level of acrB was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. The excessive exposure (15 to 40 selection cycles) of studied bacteria to both antibiotics significantly decreased susceptibility of Tet-resistant (R) and Chl-R variants of E. coli (n = 6) and K. pneumoniae (n = 6) to several groups of antibiotics including tigecycline (4-16 and 8-64 times respectively) and quinolones. …”
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Novel insights into immunopathogenesis and crucial biomarkers between primary open‐angle glaucoma and systemic lupus erythematosus by Yixian Liu, Mengling You, Zhou Zeng, Jing Wang, Rong Rong, Xiaobo Xia

“…Finally, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed in human trabecular meshwork stem cells to validate the five identified biomarkers. …”
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Pan-cancer analysis of CLDN1 and its functional study in gastric cancer by Zhu Weijing, Zhang Jiaxing, Wei Yucai, Yang Shengrui, Wang Wenxuan, Li Yumin

“…Western blotting, Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR), and cell function assays were used to examine the expression and function of CLDN1 in gastric cancer cells. …”
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A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder by Christopher Rockson, Chandrashekaran Girish, Harivenkatesh Natarajan, Vikas Menon

“…We quantified the gene expressions of plasma miR-16, miR-132, and miR-1202 using Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). We estimated the total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels in the serum by ELISA. …”
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Therapeutic Potential of Agmatine in Essential Tremor Through Regulation of Lingo‐1 and Inflammatory Pathways by Zeynab Pirmoradi, Zahra Esmaili, Mohsen Nakhaie, Kristi A. Kohlmeier, Mohammad Shabani, Moazamehosadat Razavinasab, Mehran Ilaghi

“…Moreover, Lingo‐1 and interleukin (IL)‐6 gene expression was examined in the cerebellum using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Findings Our findings demonstrated that agmatine administration significantly reduced tremors, ameliorated anxiety‐like behaviors, and attenuated harmaline‐induced locomotor deficits. …”
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Plasma CXCL3 Levels Are Associated with Tumor Progression and an Unfavorable Colorectal Cancer Prognosis by Can Cui, Rui Zhang, Feng Gu, Yunfeng Pei, Li Sun, Yueyang Huang, Guoping Niu, Jian Li

“…The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to explore the expression of CXCL3 in CRC tissue, adjacent tissue, and plasma. …”
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Genetic Comparison of Stemness of Human Umbilical Cord and Dental Pulp by Chung-Min Kang, Hyunok Kim, Je Seon Song, Byung-Jai Choi, Seong-Oh Kim, Han-Sung Jung, Seok-Jun Moon, Hyung-Jun Choi

“…Comparative gene profiles were obtained using cDNA microarray analysis and the expression of tooth development-associated and MSC-related genes was assessed by the quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Genes related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune responses were expressed at higher levels in UC, whereas genes related to growth factor and receptor activity and signal transduction were more highly expressed in DP. …”
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Risk Factors Associated with Post-COVID-19 Conditions Among Diabetes Patients in the United Arab Emirates by Aysha Alkhemeiri, Ziad El-Khatib, Abrar Hassan Alameri, Athari Ahmed AlKaabi, Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan, Niyi Awofeso

“…Participants were invited to a telephone interview to assess post-COVID-19 symptoms persisting for at least three months after their initial positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. A total of 167 hospitalized patients participated, including 89 with pre-existing diabetes and 78 without diabetes. …”
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Escherichia coli in septic arthritis: prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility patterns by Masroora Ali Khan, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Zahid Khan, Imran Taj, Muhammad Naeem, Saima Azam

“…Suspected patients showed a significant increase in the levels of white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), notably, these levels were further elevated in E. coli-positive patients. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based identification of E. coli showed clear bands of 204bp of the 16S rRNA gene. …”
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The differential expression of AFF3 in cervical cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis by Yaxuan Zhang, Lanying Li, Qingling Han, Lanying Wen

“…AFF3 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The correlation between AFF3 expression and CC symptoms was using chi-square test. …”
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The Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Involvement as a Risk Factor of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Immunotherapy Failure in Anogenital Warts by Achdiat PA, Ismiranty D, Hindritiani R, Rizqandaru T, Usman HA, Maharani RH

“…Dermatological examination showed that the pubic region and penile shaft presented 51 verrucous papules for 6 months, with histopathological results supporting the diagnosis of AGW. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination reported the inclusion of HPV types 6, 11, and 16. …”
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Effect of glyphosate on renal function: A study integrating epidemiological and experimental evidence by Lin Hu, Mingcong Chen, Xiaoran Xue, Mingyi Zhao, Qingnan He

“…The underlying mechanism of the association between glyphosate and renal function was explored by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis [embryos (0.75 hpf–96 hpf) were exposed to 90 μg/mL glyphosate]. 1170 participants were enrolled in the NHANES study. …”
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No microorganism was detected in amniotic fluid of healthy pregnancies from the second trimester to the delivery by Yu Liu, Jingmei Ma, Xiang Li, Haijuan Zhao, Qubo Ai, Lanying Zhang, Yulong Tong, Lingzhen Meng, Huixia Yang

“…Microbial profiles were assessed through cultivation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and cytokine analysis. …”
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Retrospective evaluation of multiplex PCR panel results from CSF samples in a university hospital by Funda Şahin, Nida Özcan, Erdal Özbek, Selahattin Atmaca, Hakan Temiz

“…The aim of our study was to retrospectively determine the causative agents in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who received a presumptive diagnosis of meningitis, using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests. Materials and Methods: The study included 206 cerebrospinal fluid samples from different patients with a preliminary diagnosis of meningitis sent from various clinics. …”
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Lactate Ameliorates Kainic Acid-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment via the Chemokine Signaling Pathway in Mice by Chu X, Ge Y, Geng C, Cao P, Wei P, Fu B, Deng Z, Li Y, Zhao G

“…The neuronal damage, microglial activation, inflammatory responses, and functional changes were determined by TUNEL assays, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and behavioral tests. The differentially gene expression and functional enrichment were analyzed with RNA sequencing.Results: The in vitro lactate intervention reduced the number of apoptotic cells, the release of inflammatory factors, and the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1. …”
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Koumine Attenuates Neuroglia Activation and Inflammatory Response to Neuropathic Pain by Gui-Lin Jin, Sai-Di He, Shao-Mei Lin, Li-Mian Hong, Wan-Qing Chen, Ying Xu, Jian Yang, Su-Ping Li, Chang-Xi Yu

“…Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to examine the modulator effect of koumine on microglial M1 polarization. …”
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Xiaoyao Pills Attenuate Inflammation and Nerve Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Hippocampal Neurons In Vitro by Yang Fang, Boyu Shi, Xiaobo Liu, Jie Luo, Zhili Rao, Rong Liu, Nan Zeng

“…The expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IDO, 5-HT, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and β-nerve growth factor were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, 5-HT1A, IDO-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B, tropomyosin receptor kinase A, and cAMP response element-binding protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. To further validate, protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence. …”
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