Study of Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Nephropathy by Bhuiya Esha, Saravanan Yogaprabhu, Janaki Sneha, Karthick Vijayalakshmi, Viswanathan Mohan, Venkatesan Radha, Dhanasekaran Bodhini

“…Genotyping of TaqI was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. …”
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USP8‐Dependent Family Tyrosine Kinase Promotes the Malignant Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Upregulating Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 Expression by Yuechang Wu, Dubiao Xian, Yunzhong Liu, Ding Huang, Qingfeng Liu, Shubo Yang

“…Methods Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of FYN, while western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed to detect the protein expression of FYN, ubiquitin specific peptidase 8 (USP8) and protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2). …”
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IL-6–174 G/C transversion might decrease male infertility risk: A case-control study by Tayyebeh Zamani-Badi, Mohammad Karimian, Javad Amini Mahabadi, Atieh Rafatmanesh, Hossein Nikzad

“…After DNA extraction, genotypes of the samples at the -174 G/C (rs1800795) locus were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. …”
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Genome wide identification of MATE and ALMT gene family in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and expression profiling under Al stress condition by Ankita Tripathi, Dharmendra Singh, Jyotika Bhati, Deepti Singh, Jyoti Taunk, Jawaher Alkahtani, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Madan Pal Singh

“…Expression analyses of LcMATE and LcALMT genes were performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Six genes namely, LcM1, LcM42, LcM46, LcM47, LcALMT8 and LcALMT14 responded to Al stress with varying levels of expression patterns at different time points (3, 6, 12 and 24 h). …”
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Characterizations of cytokines and viral genomes in serum of patients with Dabie bandavirus infection by Zefeng Dong, Man Yuan, Yueping Xing, Hongkai Zhang, Qiang Shen

“…The specific nucleic acid of Dabie bandavirus was detected using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-qPCR). The cytokine concentrations in serum were detected by micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). …”
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Targeting Toll-like receptor 4 and microbiota dysregulation: a new frontier in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease management by K.B. Kvit

“…Microbiota composition was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and TLR4 levels were measured in serum samples. …”
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白介素8-251 位点基因多态性与我国高低发区胃癌关系 by 曾志荣, 周韶璋, 廖山婴, 陈斌, 李初俊, 陈旻湖, 胡品津

“…【方法】用聚合酶链反应- 反向杂 交法(polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot blot, PCR-RDB)检测我国胃癌低发区( 广东省) 104 例健康人和 104 例胃癌患者和胃癌高发区( 陕西省) 102 例健康人和102 例胃癌患者的IL-8 基因- 251A/T 位点多态性。…”
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Comparison Between Nested-PCR and ELISA for the Detection of Toxoplasmagondii in Blood and Milk and its Genotyping in Lactating Goats and Aborted Women in Iraq by Entesar H Madi, Firas R Al-Samarai, Yusuf M Maaen, Shishir K Gangwar

“… The present study aimed to assess enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and  nested-polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) methods based on B1 gene for the detection of  Toxoplasma (T.) gondii in the blood and milk of local Iraqi goats. …”
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Effects of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oil on Bacterial Growth and Expression of Some Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis by Mohammad Hassanzadeh, Sara Mirzaie, Faezeh Rahimi Pirmahalle, Ramak Yahyaraeyat, Jamshid Razmyar

“…Methods The bacterial growth rate and the expression of four virulence genes in S. enteritidis during 18–72 h of exposure to the essential oil at 25%–75% MIC were evaluated via colony counting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Results Sub‐inhibitory concentrations of thyme essential oil significantly reduced the growth rate compared to the control. …”
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Study on the Imprinting Status of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) Gene in Villus during 6–10 Gestational Weeks by Jianhong Chen, Qun Fang, Baojiang Chen, Yi Zhou, Yanmin Luo

“…Apa I polymorphism of IGF-II gene in chorionic villus was assayed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). …”
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A Sensitive, Specific and Fast Electrochemical‐based Nanobiosensor Diagnostic for Xanthomonas albilineans, the Cause of Sugarcane Leaf Scald Disease by Moutoshi Chakraborty, Shamsul Arafin Bhuiyan, Simon Strachan, Muhammad J.A. Shiddiky, Nam‐Trung Nguyen, Narshone Soda, Rebecca Ford

“…The EC assay has a strong negative correlation with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results (r = −0.95–0.97, n = 24, p < 0.001), and weak or no correlation with the varietal resistance ratings. …”
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Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria by Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar, Mohamed Mabrouk Elkhashab, Muhammad Ali Salim, Salisu Ahmed Ibrahim, Isyaku Umar Yarube

“…APOE was genotyped from peripherally extracted genomic DNA using the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction with Hhal digestion. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-B). …”
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Effect of Cell Growth and Proliferation Factors (EGF/PDGF Signaling Pathway) on the Etiopathogenesis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction by Serhan Can İşcan, Erhan Demirdağ, Melek Yaman, Emin Ümit Bağrıacık, Merih Bayram

“…Method: The EGF/PDGF signaling pathway gene profile (40 genes) was investigated using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The gene expressions of the IUGR group were compared both individually and as a group. …”
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Molecular and serological investigation of hepatitis B virus in patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness at Tha Song Yang hospital, Tak Province, Thailand by Narin Thippornchai, Anon Sae-Oueng, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, Wang Nguitragool, Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong

“…DNA was extracted and identified for HBV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were further characterized for the HBV genotype using semi-nested PCR targeting the pre-S gene. …”
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Risk Factor Analysis and Molecular Epidemiological Investigation of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Infection in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis by Yang F, Liu F, Zhao X, Chen Q

“…In the CRE group, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) were used to detect the expression of five common carbapenemase genes including blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48.Results: The pathogenic bacteria in the CRE group are composed of Klebsiella pneumonia at 35.00%, Escherichia coli at 33.33%, Enterobacter cloacae at 25.00%, and Citrobacter freundii at 6.67%. …”
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Unfolded protein response during the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis by Cesar Augusto Sobrinho, Alexandre Moreira de Almeida, Maytana Roberta Taschin Grigolo, Michele Selzler, Antônio Carlos de Abreu, Letícia Silva Fagundes, Almir Souza Martins, Durval Batista Palhares, Rondon Tosta Ramalho

“…Colons were collected, and gene expression of ER stress markers (IRE1-α, PERK, ATF6, and CHOP) was assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: ERN1 expression was significantly higher than the control at the 10th week (1.39 ± 0.16, p 0.05) and the 20th week (1.15 ± 0.04, p 0.01). …”
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Nucleus Pulposus Cell Conditioned Medium Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Nucleus Pulposus-Like Cells under Hypoxic Conditions by Arjun Sinkemani, Feng Wang, Zhiyang Xie, Lu Chen, Cong Zhang, Xiaotao Wu

“…Expression was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. qPCR and western blotting demonstrated significant upregulation of NP marker expression in MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions and treated with the 50% or 100% NPC conditioned medium, compared with those cultured under normoxic conditions. …”
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Co-host ncRNA MIR503HG/miR-503-5p antagonistically interfere with the crosstalk between fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells by affecting the production of LMW FGF2 in p... by Yue-Qi Yuan, Xing-Yuan Yan, Fang Zheng, Ming Yan

“…METHODS: MIR503HG/miR-503-5p/fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression levels in pterygium tissues, control conjunctival tissues, and human pterygium fibroblasts (HPF) were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical methods. …”
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Intra-Articular Injection of Human Synovial Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Assessment of Immunomodulatory Capacity In Vivo by Minglu Yan, Xin Liu, Qiujie Dang, He Huang, Fan Yang, Yang Li

“…Cytokine profile analyses were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and multiplex analyses. Splenic helper T (Th) cell and regulatory B cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. …”
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Characterization and Biofilm Inhibition of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates by Poonam Yadav, Sreska Shrestha, Deepak Basyal, Ananda Tiwari, Ranjit Sah, Anil Kumar Sah, Bishal Yadav, Mark Willcox, Shyam Kumar Mishra

“…Isolates were screened for motility profiles, biofilm production in a microtiter plate assay, and the presence of biofilm-related gene(s) by conventional polymerase chain reaction. The ability of cinnamaldehyde, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tween 80, amino acids (glycine and glutamic acid), and natural plant extracts to inhibit biofilm formation was also tested using the microtiter plate system. …”
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