Urothelial Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro by Shuai Wu, Zhongliang Cheng, Guohua Liu, Xinfeng Zhao, Liang Zhong, Yingjian Zhu, Jiang Zhu

“…Urothelial cell specific marker uroplakin II (UPII) and cytokeratins were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence technology. …”
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Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva using a guanidium based transport medium suitable for RT-PCR diagnostic assays. by Sukalyani Banik, Kaheerman Saibire, Shraddha Suryavanshi, Glenn Johns, Soumitesh Chakravorty, Robert Kwiatkowski, David Alland, Padmapriya P Banada

“…<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated a guanidium thiocyanate-based buffer, eNAT™ (Copan) as a possible transport and inactivation medium for downstream Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing to detect SARS-CoV-2. …”
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Assessing the influence of matcha green tea extract on NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway activation in rats: A study on irradiation-induced acute hepatic inflammatory response by Noha Sayed Hamed, Eithar K. El Adham, Amal I. Hassan

“…Liver miR-122 expression levels were determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the present study investigated the mechanism by which M stops the inflammatory process's crucial NF-κB/MAPK signaling. …”
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CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation by Upregulating A20 Deubiquitinase in RAW 264.7 Cells by Seong-Kyu Kim, Jung-Yoon Choe, Ki-Yeun Park

“…Osteoclast-specific genes and their related signaling molecules were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. Morphological assessment for osteoclast formation was performed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F-actin ring formation staining. …”
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circ_0075048 silencing regulates LCP1 to improve IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by binding with miR-663b by Pin Zhang, Ru Pei, Quanhu Shen

“…The expression of circ_0075048, miR-663b, and LCP1 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cell viability and apoptosis of C28/I2 cells were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. …”
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Naringenin, a Food Bioactive Compound, Reduces Oncostatin M Through Blockade of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Neutrophil-like Differentiated HL-60 Cells by Na-Ra Han, Hi-Joon Park, Seong-Gyu Ko, Phil-Dong Moon

“…To assess the modulatory effect of NAR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assay were employed. …”
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Two Imported Malaria Cases with Delayed Response to Treatment in Hatay by Tuğba Kaya, Mehmet Çabalak, Gülnaz Çulha, Ceren Ünal

“…The P. falciparum18S rRNA gene was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Artemether-lumefantrine treatment protocol was started. …”
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Aging restricts the initial neural patterning potential of developing neural stem and progenitor cells in the adult brain by Saeideh Aran, Mohammad Ghasem Golmohammadi, Mohsen Sagha, Kamran Ghaedi

“…Thus, the embryonic and adult-derived NSPCs for cardinal characteristics were analyzed, and then, the expression of candidate genes related to neural patterning using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was evaluated at various stages of embryonic (E14 and E18), neonatal, and adult brains. …”
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DNA-marker based identification of the RPV3 gene determining downy mildew resistance in grapevines by E. T. Ilnitskaya, M. V. Makarkina, S. V. Tokmakov, L. G. Naumova

“…The genotypes were studied through polymerase chain reaction with separation of amplification products by capillary electrophoresis in automatic genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. …”
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The Involvement of Notch1-RBP-Jk/Msx2 Signaling Pathway in Aortic Calcification of Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Caipan Gong, Li Li, Chunmei Qin, Weihua Wu, Qi Liu, Ying Li, Linwang Gan, Santao Ou

“…VSMC markers and osteogenic markers as well as target molecules in Notch1-RBP-Jk/Msx2 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis. …”
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Study of Phenotypic and Molecular Approaches of Potyvirus plumpoxi Resistance Evaluation in New Czech Apricot Hybrids by Eliška Zezulová, Tomáš Kiss, Kateřina Baránková, Tomáš Nečas

“…In addition, the genotyping with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (PGS1.21, PGS1.23) and ParPMC2 allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the purpose of evaluating PPV resistance. …”
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Rapid isothermal molecular tests to discriminate between Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum infections in dogs by Rafaela Lira Nogueira de Luna, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales, Lucas Lisboa Nunes Bonifácio, Luciana Aguiar Figueredo, Thomas R. Shelite, Fábio dos Santos Nogueira, Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas-Torres

“…We found an almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.807) between RPA-LF for L. infantum and our reference quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), considering clinical samples with a quantification cycle (C q) < 30, whereas the agreement with samples with a C q > 30 (lower parasite loads) was moderate (kappa = 0.440). …”
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The Effect of High Levels Carbohydrate on Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolites, and Health of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by Jinrui Xiong, Liping Yang, Luming Wang, Shaoyang Zhi, Mengjuan Zhao, Chunchu Xu, Leya Qu, Xiaorui Guo, Xiao Yan, Chaobin Qin, Guoxing Nie

“…Feeding with a HCD led to decreased activity of catalase and increased malondialdehyde content, which was consistent with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis results (p<0.05). …”
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Characterization of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Expression in Stably Transfected A-427 Human Cancer Cells by Jesse J. Parry, Martin Eiblmaier, Rebecca Andrews, Laura A. Meyer, Ryuji Higashikubo, Carolyn J. Anderson, Buck E. Rogers

“…Expression of the receptor was evaluated in vitro using flow cytometry, saturation binding analysis, internalization assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The receptor expression was also validated in an in vivo mouse model in biodistribution and micro–positron emission tomography (microPET) studies using the somatostatin analog octreotide (OC), which was linked to the 64 Cu chelator 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA), or 64 Cu-TETA-OC. …”
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Porcine granulosa cell transcriptomic analyses reveal the differential regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs in response to all-trans retinoic acid by Jinzhu Meng, Xiuwen Chen, Huabiao Wang, Yixuan Mi, Runsheng Zhou, Hongliang Zhang

“…Meanwhile, the sequencing data were verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results A total of 86 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in granulosa cells after ATRA treatment. …”
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Energy Metabolism and Lipidome Are Highly Regulated during Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle Cells by Oliver Pieles, Marcus Höring, Sadiyeh Adel, Torsten E. Reichert, Gerhard Liebisch, Christian Morsczeck

“…Expression and activity of metabolic markers were evaluated by western blot analysis and specific assays, relative amount of mitochondrial DNA was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the oxidative state of cells was determined by a glutathione assay, and the lipidome of cells was analyzed via mass spectrometry (MS). …”
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Incidence, Molecular Detection, and Partial Nucleotide Sequencing of Some Viruses Causing Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) on Fig Plants in Egypt by Neven I. Toima, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna, Ali M. Sayed, Sahar A. Youssef, Ahmed A. Shalaby

“…Symptomatic samples were tested for the presence of fig mosaic virus (FMV), fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), fig mild mottle-associated virus (FMMaV), fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV), and fig cryptic virus (FCV) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers. Three viruses were detected in mixed infections and showed positive results. …”
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CircTRRAP Knockdown Has Cardioprotective Function in Cardiomyocytes via the Signal Regulation of miR-370-3p/PAWR Axis by Yuan Zhang, Zhenggong Li, Jiao Wang, Hao Chen, Rui He, Hongkun Wu

“…CircTRRAP, microRNA-370-3p (miR-370-3p), and Pro-Apoptotic WT1 Regulator (PAWR) levels were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation analysis was performed via 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. …”
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Spread of TEM, VIM, SHV, and CTX-M β-Lactamases in Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Egyptian Hospitals by El sayed Hamdy Mohammed, Ahmed Elsadek Fakhr, Hanan Mohammed El sayed, Said abd Elmohsen Al Johery, Wesam Abdel Ghani Hassanein

“…Production of blaVIM, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct sequencing from PCR products was subsequently carried out to identify and confirm these β-lactamases genes. …”
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Comparison of Stemness and Gene Expression between Gingiva and Dental Follicles in Children by Chung-Min Kang, Seong-Oh Kim, Mijeong Jeon, Hyung-Jun Choi, Han-Sung Jung, Jae-Ho Lee

“…The expression of development, chemotaxis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) related genes was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. …”
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