Sex Differences in the Relation between Comorbidities and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 by Noushin Mohammadifard, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Maryam Nasirian, Parisa Zakeri, Kamal Heidari, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Nizal Sarrafzadegan

“…Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was done upon admission. …”
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Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric Adenovirus Gastroenteritis in under-Five-Year-Old Children in Iran by Anahita Sanaei Dashti, Pedram Ghahremani, Tayebeh Hashempoor, Abdollah Karimi

“…Samples were tested for HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, using a specific pair of primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were detected in 132 (5.18%) of the patients with diarrhea. …”
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Comparison of Different Phenotypic Tests versus PCR in the Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in Hamadan, Iran by Masoumeh Beig, Mohammad Taheri, Mohammad Reza Arabestani

“…We evaluated the performance of MHT, CarbaNP, CDDT, and CIM tests in comparison to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates. …”
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Development of a conjunctival contact–type drug delivery device for latanoprost using hyaluronic acid by Soomin Lee, Mi-Young Jung, Choul Yong Park

“…On day 10, we quantified gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and IOP-affecting proteins using polymerase chain reaction, and performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses. …”
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New Record of Different Yeast Isolates from Patients with Ear Infections Using DNA Sequencing in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq by Mohammad Mohsien Alrufae, Zuhair Hameed Abboud, Ban Mousa Hassan

“…Amplification of genes was carried out according to the experimental protocol, and the polymerase chain reaction products of Candida spp were sent to Macrogen Lab, USA, for sequencing. …”
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lncRNA RUNDC3A-AS1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Thyroid Cancer Cells via the miR-151b/SNRPB Axis by Yan Deng, Jie Wu, Xin Li

“…Relative expression levels of RUNDC3A-AS1, microRNA (miR)-151b, and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1 (SNRPB) were examined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in THCA cells. The localization of RUNDC3A-AS1 in THCA cells was detected by subcellular fractionation assay. …”
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Microscopic and molecular detection of Cytauxzoon spp. in cats in Mosul city, Iraq by Sura S. Aghwan, Enas S. Hussein, Salam A Esmaeel

“…To achieve this goal, microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction technology was used, and the genetic analysis of Cytauxzoon spp. was verified. …”
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16S rRNA and Omp31 Gene Based Molecular Characterization of Field Strains of B. melitensis from Aborted Foetus of Goats in India by Ajay Singh, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Amit Kumar, Vikas Kumar Singh, Shivasharanappa Nayakwadi

“…All the isolates produced amplification products of 1412 and 720 bp in polymerase chain reaction with genus and species specific 16S rRNA and omp31 gene based primers, respectively. …”
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Comparison of and as Reporter Genes for Noninvasive Imaging of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted into Infarcted Rat Myocardium by Shuo Hu, Wei Cao, Xiaoli Lan, Yong He, Juntao Lang, Congjiao Li, Jia Hu, Rei An, Zairong Gao, Yongxue Zhang

“…The transfection efficiency of Ad/eGFP/rNIS and Ad/eGFP/hNIS to rBMSCs was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. …”
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Glutathione S-transferase polymorphism in ethnic groups living in Eastern Siberia by E. V. Belyaeva, O. A. Yershova, T. A. Astahova, O. V. Bugun

“…To this end, genetic typing of DNA samples was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of alleles A, B, C of the GSTP1 gene (р = 0.026) were found between the groups of teenagers compared. …”
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Epithelial and immune transcriptomic characteristics and possible regulatory mechanisms in asthma exacerbation: insights from integrated studies by Ye Liu, Yue Li, Ruhao Wu, Yu Wang, Pengfei Li, Tianci Jiang, Ke Wang, Yize Liu, Zhe Cheng

“…Asthma animal and in vitro cell line models were established to verify the key regulatory genes expression by employing quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).ResultsScRNA-seq analysis identified 7 epithelial subpopulations and 14 distinct immune cell types based on gene expression profiles. …”
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New insights into the DNA extraction and PCR amplification of minute ascomycetes in the genus Laboulbenia (Pezizomycotina, Laboulbeniales) by Warre Van Caenegem, Danny Haelewaters

“…In particular, the genus Laboulbenia is notorious for low success with DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. This is attributed to the presence of melanin, a molecule known to inhibit PCR, in the cells. …”
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Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs by Mohammed Al-Saadi, Amer Nubgan, Ali Hadi Abbas

“…Materials and Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (n = 100/each) were tested by a polymerase chain reaction targeting VP1 and VP2 genes. Results: The analysis revealed numerous synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in VP1 and VP2 and in the intergenic sequence. …”
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CRIP1 inhibits cutaneous melanoma progression through TFAM-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis by Jianqiang Wu, Lixia Chen, Peijun Wen

“…Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blots (WB) were used to detect stable overexpression and knockdown of CRIP1 in melanoma cells. …”
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A Patient with 38 Years of Smoking History and Severe Shortness of Breath by E. R. Buklis, N. I. Kokina, E. L. Bueverova, M. V. Feldsherov, V. S. Komarova, V. T. Ivashkin

“…The diagnosis was established: bilateral bronchiolitis associated with a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction — positive); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage II according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), exacerbation. …”
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Biofilm Formation and blaOXA Genes Detection Among Acinetobacter baumannii from Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Kirtipur Hospital, Nepal by Upasana Ghimire, Rupesh Kandel, Mary Neupane, Sanjit Shrestha, Sudeep K C, Santosh Khanal, Dev Raj Joshi

“…The antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, carbapenemase production detection was confirmed by Modified Hodge Test, and target resistant genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. (3) Results: Out of 90 clinical specimens, 64.44% (58/90) showed bacterial growth, whereas 32.75% (19/58) isolates were identified as A. baumannii. …”
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Citrus transcription factor CsERF1 is involved in the response to citrus tristeza disease by Qi Chen, Fulin Yan, Jing Liu, Zhipeng Xie, Junyao Jiang, Jiamei Liang, Jing Chen, Huanhuan Wang, Jinxiang Liu

“…CsERF1 belongs to the citrus AP2/ERF transcription factor family.MethodsTo determine the role of CsERF1 on CTV resistance in citrus and the effects of the exongenous hormone application on CsERF1 in citrus, the expression of related genes was quantitatively analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in this study.ResultsThe expression profile showed that the expression level of CsERF1 in roots was significantly lower under CTV infection than in healthy plants, while the expression level in stems was significantly increased. …”
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Clonally Related Plasmablastic Lymphoma Simultaneously Occurring with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Norisato Hashimoto, Tomoki Ueda, Shinichiro Hiraiwa, Takuma Tajiri, Naoya Nakamura, Kenji Yokoyama

“…We extracted DNA from the two lymphomas for polymerase chain reaction and sequenced the amplified immunoglobulin heavy variable genes and the complementarity-determining region- (CDR-) 3. …”
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Exploring Unique Extracellular Vesicles Associated Signatures: Prognostic Insights, Immune Microenvironment Dynamics, and Therapeutic Responses in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma by Kai Nan, Ming Zhang, Zilong Geng, Yuankai Zhang, Lin Liu, Zhi Yang, Peng Xu

“…Differential expression of selected lncRNAs in both cellular and exosomal fractions of PAAD was further confirmed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Eight DELs were identified from TCGA and GTEx datasets, and two exosomal lncRNAs exhibited a significant correlation with overall survival, warranting further investigation. …”
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Blood Borne Viral Infections in Transplantation: Hepatitis Viruses and Retroviruses by RP Bryce Larke

“…Despite recent improvements in anti-HCV testing, current screening assays underestimate the incidence of transmission and prevalence of HCV infection among immunosuppressed organ recipients: evidence of ongoing HCV infection depends on detection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Determination of I-IIV-1 p24 antigen may facilitate identification of prospective organ donors in ll1e window period of early infection and may enhance serological follow-up of allograft recipients al risk of transplantation-associated HIV-1 infection. …”
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