Headache attributed to ischemic stroke – a new scope for management: a case study by Elsayed Abed, Ahmad Farag El-adawey, Mohamed Hamed Rashad, Ahmed Hassan Elsheshiny, Ali Mahmoud Ali, Fathy Mahmoud Mansour, Abdel-Ghaffar Fayed, Mohammad Fathi Abdulsalam, Shaimaa Sayed Khater

“…Understanding the exact pathophysiology, and recognition of the most clinical and radiological predictors can help to provide good management and open scope for prophylactic approaches. …”
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Fibromyalgia: Presentation and Management with a Focus on Pharmacological Treatment by Janice E Sumpton, Dwight E Moulin

“…Recent advances in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia offer hope for new and improved therapies in the management of this disabling condition.…”
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Various Techniques for the Surgical Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stones: A Meta Review by Abolfazl Shojaiefard, Majid Esmaeilzadeh, Ali Ghafouri, Arianeb Mehrabi

“…We will review the pathophysiology of CBDS, diagnosis, and different techniques of treatment with especial focus on the various surgical modalities.…”
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Precision cut lung slices: an integrated ex vivo model for studying lung physiology, pharmacology, disease pathogenesis and drug discovery by Cynthia Koziol-White, Eric Gebski, Gaoyaun Cao, Reynold A. Panettieri

“…By providing a controlled microenvironment, precision-cut lung slices empower researchers to dissect and comprehend the multifaceted interactions and responses within lung tissue, thereby advancing our understanding of pulmonary pathophysiology.…”
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Marantic Endocarditis: A Rare Early Presentation Of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of The Breast by Madiha Butt, Zahra Rafique, Fazeelat Iftikhar, Farooq, Khadija Rafique, Muhammad Adil

“…This can present as stroke, myocardial infarction, acute intestinal ischemia, pulmonary thromboembolism, splenic infarction, or transient ischemic attack. The pathophysiology involves the presence of sterile growths and fibrin deposits on heart valves. …”
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A Comprehensive Review of Celecoxib Oral Solution for the Acute Treatment of Migraine by Nazir Noor, Courtney LaChute, Mathew Root, Jasmine Rogers, Madeleine Richard, Giustino Varrassi, Ivan Urits, Omar Viswanath, Nazih Khater, Alan D. Kaye

“…Migraines are typically divided into three phases: prodromal, headache, and postdrome. The pathophysiology of each phase remains under investigation, with differing theories regarding their pathways. …”
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MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES by Maitham Abdallah Albajy, Dan Florin Mihailescu

“…Individuals with T2DM may have normal fasting glucose levels. The pathophysiology of T2DM is characterized by a combination of insufficient insulin production and reduced responsiveness to insulin, both of which are associated with the presence of inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream and elevated levels of fatty acids. …”
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Current strategies in diagnostics and therapeutics against novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by ALOTAIBI FAISAL

“…Several advances have been made in understanding the novel coronavirus’s pathophysiology and in the development of newer diagnostics with pinpoint accuracy. …”
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Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target: Focusing on Traumatic Brain Injury by Randhall Bruce Carteri

“…Strikingly, normal mitochondria function as an integration center between multiple conditions that determine neural cell homeostasis, whereas lesions that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction can desynchronize cellular functions, thus contributing to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition, TBI leads to impaired coupling of the mitochondrial electron transport system with oxidative phosphorylation that provides most of the energy needed to maintain vital functions, ionic homeostasis, and membrane potentials. …”
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Therapeutic Implications of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases by Hiroshi Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Takano, Issei Komuro

“…Many studies suggest that PPARγ ligands not only ameliorate insulin sensitivity, but also have pleiotropic effects on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart, and myocarditis.…”
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Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro after Spinal Cord Injury by Elisa Garcia, Jorge Aguilar-Cevallos, Raul Silva-Garcia, Antonio Ibarra

“…In particular, cytokines and growth factors are signaling proteins that have important roles in the pathophysiology of SCI. The balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these molecules plays a critical role in the progression and outcome of the lesion. …”
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Biomarkers of sepsis-induced coagulopathy: diagnostic insights and potential therapeutic implications by Anaïs Curtiaud, Toshiaki Iba, Eduardo Angles-Cano, Ferhat Meziani, Julie Helms

“…Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) indeed presents with complex pathophysiology, complicating timely diagnosis. Epidemiological data indicate a significant prevalence of DIC in septic patients, with mortality rates up to 60%. …”
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Recent Advances in Underlying Pathologies Provide Insight into Interleukin-8 Expression-Mediated Inflammation and Angiogenesis by Basit Saleem Qazi, Kai Tang, Asma Qazi

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Cardiomyopathy Classification: Ongoing Debate in the Genomics Era by Charles McCartan, Robert Mason, S. R. Jayasinghe, Lyn R. Griffiths

“…Now, as our understanding of the pathophysiology of the different entities classified under each of the different phenotypes improves and our knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis for these entities progresses, the traditional classifications seem oversimplistic and do not reflect current understanding of this myriad of diseases and disease processes. …”
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HSCT-GAVE as a Manifestation of Chronic Graft versus Host Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Existing Literature by Michael J. Grant, Mitchell E. Horwitz

“…The existing literature links GAVE to patients with cirrhosis, scleroderma, bone marrow transplantation, and chronic renal failure among other associations, but its pathophysiology remains ill-defined. Over 30 cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplant-related GAVE (HSCT-GAVE) have been reported in the literature to date and there are likely many more that go undiagnosed or are attributed to another cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. …”
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Marchiafava-Bignami Disease in a Nonalcoholic Diabetic Patient by Sisira Yadala, Jin Jun Luo

“…His symptoms significantly improved after stabilization and normalization of his plasma glucose level and administration of multivitamins and corticosteroids. The underlying pathophysiology of the development of MBD in our case is likely to be osmotic stress from a wide range of glycemic fluctuations causing structural and functional disturbance of oligodendrocytes, which may be reversible in its early stage.…”
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Multifaceted roles of ninjurin1 in immunity, cell death, and disease by Lili Zhu, Yunfei Xu, Yunfei Xu

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MicroRNA as a Potential Biomarker and Treatment Strategy for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Mingming Cao, Wenjing Song, Runyu Liang, Lili Teng, Mei Zhang, Jiyao Zhang, Luwen Zhu

“…It is hoped that new research on this topic will not only generate new insights into the pathophysiology of miRNA in I/R injury but also can provide a basis for the clinical application of miRNA in I/R.…”
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Exosome-Derived microRNA: Potential Target for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis by Yujie Xiao, Yixuan Yuan, Dahai Hu, Hongtao Wang

“…Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of sepsis, representing a new frontier in both the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition. …”
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Uncommon BRAF Mutations Associated with Durable Response to Immunotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma by Brenen P. Swofford, Jade Homsi

“…Through genetic studies of this disease, it has been determined that the BRAF V600 mutation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of the disease and this has led to the utilization of targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) in its treatment. …”
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