Microglial Dysregulation in Psychiatric Disease by Luciana Romina Frick, Kyle Williams, Christopher Pittenger

“…Microglial abnormalities have been found in several neuropsychiatric conditions, though in most cases it remains unclear whether these are causative or are a reaction to some other underlying pathophysiology. Here we summarize postmortem, animal, neuroimaging, and other evidence for microglial pathology in major depression, schizophrenia, autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. …”
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Insulin Resistance: A Proinflammatory State Mediated by Lipid-Induced Signaling Dysfunction and Involved in Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability by Fabrizio Montecucco, Sabine Steffens, François Mach

“…Recent studies suggest that the pathophysiology of insulin resistance is closely related to interferences with insulin-mediated intracellular signaling on skeletal muscle cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. …”
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Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria in an Adult with Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Ryan Leibrandt, Kenneth Angelino, Monique Vizel-Schwartz, Ilan Shapira

“…To facilitate identification of this rare entity by clinicians, we include a discussion about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PCH.…”
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Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis following Treatment of Myelofibrosis with Ruxolitinib by Maheen Z. Abidi, Javeria Haque, Parvathi Varma, Horatiu Olteanu, Guru Subramanian Guru Murthy, Binod Dhakal, Parameswaran Hari

“…It causes inhibition of the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) pathway, which plays a key role in the underlying pathophysiology of myeloproliferative diseases. We describe a case of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis in a retired physician while on treatment with ruxolitinib. …”
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Recommendations for Management of Patients with Carotid Stenosis by Arijana Lovrencic-Huzjan, Tatjana Rundek, Michael Katsnelson

“…Carotid atherosclerosis is recognized as an important factor in stroke pathophysiology and represents a key target in stroke prevention; multiple treatment modalities have been developed to battle this disease. …”
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Massive tubular ectasia of the rete testes in a patient with Marfan syndrome by Ashley Lee, Su-Tong Low, Steve McCombie, Dickon Hayne

“…Despite the unclear pathophysiology of tubular ectasia, potential causes include mechanical obstruction and congenital deformity. …”
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Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis in a Patient with Neurosarcoidosis on Chronic Steroid Therapy Secondary to Recreational Marijuana Usage by Preetam Gongidi, Debkumar Sarkar, Eric Behling, Joshua Brody

“…We review the radiographic findings of neurosarcoidosis and cerebral phaeohyphomycosis as well as the pathophysiology of dematiaceous fungi infections.…”
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Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis by Sandeep M Patel, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Jordan P Reynolds, Michael J Krowka

“…Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAP demonstrate that the idiopathic form is due to antigranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor antibodies. …”
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Tissue Factor, Blood Coagulation, and Beyond: An Overview by Arthur J. Chu

“…Apparently, TF hypercoagulability refuels a coagulation-inflammation-thrombosis circuit in “autocrine” or “paracrine” fashions, which triggers a wide spectrum of pathophysiology. Accordingly, TF suppression, anticoagulation, PAR blockade, or general anti-inflammation offers an array of therapeutical benefits for easing diverse pathological conditions.…”
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Relationship between Experimental Diet in Rats and Nonalcoholic Hepatic Disease: Review of Literature by Ayane A. Rodrigues, Raíssa S. B. Andrade, Daniel F. P. Vasconcelos

“…Background. The pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to unhealthy lifestyles that combine sedentary lifestyle, hypercaloric diets, excessive saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and high intake of fructose as a food additive to various processed products. …”
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Incidental imaging detection of Kartagener syndrome in a female: A case report by Natasha Dhakal, MBBS, Prajwal Dahal, MD

“…Kartagener syndrome is a rare ciliopathic genetic disorder characterized by a triad of chronic sinusitis, situs inversus, and bronchiectasis. The underlying pathophysiology involves reduced ciliary motility due to defects in ciliary structure and function within the respiratory tract and fallopian tubes. …”
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Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in Diabetic Retinopathy by Kousuke Noda, Shintaro Nakao, Susumu Ishida, Tatsuro Ishibashi

“…The mechanisms underlying the development of DR are not fully understood; however, extensive studies have recently implicated chronic, low-grade inflammation in the pathophysiology of DR. During inflammation leukocytes undergo sequential adhesive interactions with endothelial cells to migrate into the inflamed tissues, a process known as the “leukocyte recruitment cascade” which is orchestrated by precise adhesion molecule expression on the cell surface of leukocytes and the endothelium. …”
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Acute respiratory failure induced by belly dancer’s syndrome: A glance to a rare case report by Ruth Elizabeth Abraham, Gan Lay Min, Ahmad Luqman Bin Md Pauzi, Noor Hafizah Abdul Salim, Iskasymar Ismail

“…Currently, there is no definite pathophysiology that clearly explains this condition. …”
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Vasculitic Tibial Mononeuropathy Associated with Inherited Immune Dysregulation: A Review of Tibial Mononeuropathies with Electrodiagnostic Considerations by James Liu, Yue Ding, Sandra Camelo-Piragua, James Richardson

“…Furthermore, this case highlights the critical role of the electromyographer and ability to maximize the impact on patient care through a solid foundation in anatomy, pathophysiology, and electrodiagnosis blended with clinical acumen.…”
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Genetic Associations in Acquired Immune-Mediated Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: Insights in Aplastic Anemia and Chronic Idiopathic Neutropenia by Irene Mavroudi, Helen A. Papadaki

“…However, in immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndromes, such as acquired aplastic anemia and chronic idiopathic neutropenia, in which the pathophysiology results from a myelosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment mainly due to the presence of activated T lymphocytes, leading to the accelerated apoptotic death of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, such genetic associations have been very limited. …”
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Concurrent Polycythemia of Undetermined Etiology and Smouldering Plasma Cell Myeloma by Roula Katerji, Chad A. Hudson

“…This case highlights that while being unusual, polycythemia and plasma cell myeloma can occur concurrently, and, in this report, we discuss both entities and potential mechanisms of the pathophysiology of the concurrent presentation.…”
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Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule as a First Manifestation of Primary Peritoneal Cancer by C. Iavazzo, K. Madhuri, S. Essapen, N. Akrivos, A. Tailor, S. Butler-Manuel

“…Through a literature search, we also discuss the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, management, and prognosis of such a condition.…”
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The Specific Dermatoses of Pregnancy by Paulina Polańska

“…While some pose minimal risk to the fetus, others, such as ICP and PG, are associated with significant complications, including preterm birth and stillbirth. The underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, with hormonal, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors playing key roles. …”
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A Rare Case of Posttraumatic Bilateral BPPV Presentation by Sinisa Maslovara, Andro Kosec, Ivana Pajic Matic, Anamarija Sestak

“…With a good knowledge of the etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical forms of BPPV, we can, in most cases, make an accurate and precise diagnosis of the disease and carry out appropriate treatment.…”
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Association Study between BGLAP Gene HindIII Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Development in Ukrainian Population by Yaroslav D. Chumachenko, Viktoriia Yu. Harbuzova, Alexander V. Ataman

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