THE ALGORITHM OF THE CASE FORMATION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL DISCIPLINES IN MEDICAL SCHOOL by Andrey A. Garanin, Reseda M. Garanina

“…While developing the case study of medical character the teacher needs to pay special attention to questions of pathogenesis and pathological anatomy for students’ formation of the fundamental clinical thinking allowing to estimate the patient’s condition as a complete organism, taking into account all its features, to understand the relationships of cause and effect arising at development of a concrete disease, to master new and to improve the available techniques of statement of the differential diagnosis. …”
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Ultrasound of the knee in rheumatology by Girish Gandikota

“…It is also important to keep in mind that ultrasound provides limited information about internal structures such as meniscus and cruciate ligament pathologies and it has a complementary role with MRI.…”
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Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines by Sarosh Iqbal, Shahida Perveen, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Musarrat Jabeen, Shumaila Kiran, Faiza Qayyum, Khalid Mohammed Khan

“…Hence, this study identified 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines ethyl esters as non-cytotoxic, potent ROS scavengers that can be studied further to treat oxidative stress and related pathologies.…”
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The role and underlying mechanism of dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomal miR-31 in the treatment of osteoarthritis by targeting mTOR to enhance chondrocyte autophagy levels by Guanglei Zhao, Jinyang Lyu, Xin Huang, Gangyong Huang, Feiyan Chen, Yibing Wei, Siqun Wang, Jun Xia, Jie Chen, Jingsheng Shi

“…Recent studies have revealed that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising approach to improve the pathological changes in osteoarthritis, cartilage tissue, and chondrocyte homeostasis. …”
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Blood Plasma of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Increases Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation and Neurotoxicity by Peng Wang, Xin Li, Xuran Li, Weiwei Yang, Shun Yu

“…A pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is formation of Lewy bodies in neurons of the brain. …”
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The Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes as Immunomodulatory Agents for COVID-19 Patients by Faisal A. Alzahrani, Islam M. Saadeldin, Abrar Ahmad, Dipak Kumar, Esam I. Azhar, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Bassem Kurdi, Abdulrahim Sajini, Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei, Sadaf Jahan

“…Many studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo), which are isolated from allogenic bone marrow stem cells, significantly lower the risk of alveolar inflammation and other pathological conditions associated with distinct lung injuries. …”
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Giant Protruding Nodular Fasciitis of the Anterior Chest Wall Clinically Mimicking a Soft Tissue Sarcoma by Hideyuki Kinoshita, Tsukasa Yonemoto, Hiroto Kamoda, Yoko Hagiwara, Toshinori Tsukanishi, Sumihisa Orita, Kazuhide Inage, Naoya Hirosawa, Seiji Ohtori, Takeshi Ishii

“…NF was diagnosed after pathological evaluation, including immunohistochemical analysis, molecular genetic testing, and cytogenetic testing via fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. …”
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Evaluation of Medical Care for Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients in Primary Care in Mexico: Observational Retrospective Study by Agustin Lara-Esqueda, Sergio A. Zaizar-Fregoso, Violeta M. Madrigal-Perez, Mario Ramirez-Flores, Daniel A. Montes-Galindo, Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro, Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez, José Guzman-Esquivel, Carmen Meza-Robles, Gabriel Ceja-Espiritu, Pablo A. Kuri-Morales, Josuel Delgado-Enciso, Armando Barriguete-Melendez, Hector R. Galvan-Salazar, Carlos E. Barajas-Saucedo, Elvin Guillermo-Espinosa, Agustin D. Lara-Basulto, Jesus F. Gonzalez-Roldan, Ivan Delgado-Enciso

“…The present study evaluated the quality of medical care for patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HBP), and both pathologies (DM+HBP) within a public health system in Mexico. …”
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Costimulatory Pathways: Physiology and Potential Therapeutic Manipulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Nien Yee Kow, Anselm Mak

“…While SLE has classically been advocated as a B-cell or T-cell disease, it is unlikely that a particular cell type is more pathologically predominant than the others. Indeed, SLE is characterized by an orchestrated interplay amongst different types of immunopathologically important cells participating in both innate and adaptive immunity including the dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, as well as traditional nonimmune cells such as endothelial, epithelial, and renal tubular cells. …”
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Small fiber neuropathy: clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, possibly causes and treatment by E. Paulėkas, D. Garšvienė, K. Petrikonis

“…Diagnosis of pure SFN remains difficult in situations when no pathological findings are detected during nerve conduction tests (using standard electroneuromyography) and patients present with unusual subjective symptoms. …”
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Evaluation of Neck-shaft Angle and Anteversion in Dry Femora of Adult Indian Population: A Descriptive Analysis by Akash Hosthota, Manikandan Thandapani, N Deen M Ismail, Aravind J Devendrappa, Mohammed Shahid

“…Aims and background: Proximal femoral angles, specifically the neck-shaft angle (NSA) and anteversion (AV), are pivotal factors in understanding hip joint biomechanics, the changes in different hip pathologies and guiding various orthopedic interventions. …”
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Oncological outcomes in non-seminomatous testicular tumors and residual mass after cisplatin-based chemotherapy by María A. Ocampo-Gómez, María C. Moreno-Matson, David Ruiz-Londoño, Marino Cabrera, Rodolfo Varela

“…Data regarding clinical and oncological outcomes as well as pathological information were obtained in a retrospective fashion from our electronic database. …”
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Thioflavin-T: application as a neuronal body and nucleolar stain and the blue light photo enhancement effect by Jin-Hong Min, Heela Sarlus, Sho Oasa, Robert A. Harris

“…Abstract Thioflavin-T (THT) is a common and indispensable tool for the study of amyloid pathologies and protein aggregation, both in vitro and for histological samples. …”
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Dynamics of <i>Nakaseomyces glabratus</i> biofilm formation by E. M. Lenchenko, N. P. Sachivkina, A. V. Liseitsev

“…Formation of biofilms of microorganisms, including those of Nakaseomyces glabratus, is responsible for the development of local and systemic pathologies in humans and animals. The system of gene expression coordination (quorum sensing) in the representation of signaling molecules allows regulation of the amount and composition of biofilm populations thus expanding the adaptive capacity of microorganisms. …”
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Relation between the morphometric parameters of Thymus and fetal weight. by Carmen Niurka Piña Loyola, Marta Rosa Gonzalez Debén, Alfredo Quiñones Ceballos

“…This organ can develop as a result of the interaction among various factors that have been classified as physiological and pathological. Some studies to establish morphological patterns of this organ have reported dissimilar results. …”
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Mechanosensitive molecular interactions in atherogenic regions of the arteries: development of atherosclerosis by E. L. Mishchenko, A. M. Mishchenko, V. A. Ivanisenko

“…The review focuses on topical research studies on the development of atherosclerosis – mechanobiochemical events that transform the proatherogenic mechanical stimulus of blood flow – low and low/oscillatory arterial wall shear stress in the chains of biochemical reactions in endothelial cells, leading to the expression of specific proteins that cause the progression of the pathological process. The stages of atherogenesis, systemic risk factors for atherogenesis and its important hemodynamic factor, low and low/oscillatory wall shear stress exerted by blood flow on the endothelial cells lining the arterial walls, have been described. …”
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Dysfunctional Attitudes in Alcohol Dependents: A Comparative Study by G&ouml;rkem Karaka&thorn; U&eth;urlu, Mustafa U&eth;urlu, Levent Turhan, M. Hakan T&uuml;rk&ccedil;apar

“…Objective: Cognitive behavioral theory provides a theoretical framework for understanding the etiology and persistence of pathological drinking, and a conceptual basis for developing clinical techniques to treat the disorder. …”
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Blood Morphology and Hematology of Adult Baikal Seals (<i>Pusa sibirica</i> Gmelin, 1788) Under Professional Care by Polina Esipova, Irina Suvorova, Veronika Yachmen, Igor Pushchin

“…Studying the blood cell morphology of marine mammals provides an opportunity to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of adaptive changes associated with the aquatic habitat that occur at the cellular level, as well as adaptations to changing environmental conditions and under various physiological and pathological processes. The Baikal seal [<i>Pusa sibirica</i> (family Phocidae)] is endemic to the freshwater Lake Baikal, but comprehensive hematology data are not available. …”
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Co-opting the ‘public’ in public health: homelessness and the specious logic of discretionary displacement in a mid-sized US city by Lesley Jo Weaver, Claire W. Herbert, Dylan J. Podrabsky, Mackenzie L. Ní Flainn

“…We find that authorities draw on sensationalized ‘disease-model’ logics of health risk that pathologize PEH as vectors of infectious disease and drug-related harms. …”
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Expression of Otx Genes in Müller Cells Using an In Vitro Experimental Model of Retinal Hypoxia by Claudio Azzolini, Simone Donati, Giovanni Micheloni, Vittoria Moretti, Roberto Valli, Francesco Acquati, Lucy Costantino, Fulvio Ferrara, Davide Borroni, Elias Premi, Francesco Testa, Francesca Simonelli, Giovanni Porta

“…The improved comprehension of these cellular events will be useful for designing new therapeutical approaches for retinal pathologies.…”
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