Diabetic Macular Edema Pathophysiology: Vasogenic versus Inflammatory by Pedro Romero-Aroca, Marc Baget-Bernaldiz, Alicia Pareja-Rios, Maribel Lopez-Galvez, Raul Navarro-Gil, Raquel Verges

“…Although the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play a role in the development of DME, the pathological processes leading to the onset of this disease are highly complex and the exact sequence in which they occur is still not completely understood. …”
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Canonical and noncanonical autophagy: involvement in Parkinson’s disease by Maria Sakurai, Tomoki Kuwahara

“…Autophagy is the major degradation process in cells and is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. While macroautophagy, which employs a series of molecular cascades to form ATG8-coated double membrane autophagosomes for degradation, remains the well-known type of canonical autophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy have also been characterized. …”
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Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases by Chang Youn Lee, Ran Kim, Onju Ham, Jihyun Lee, Pilseog Kim, Seokyeon Lee, Sekyung Oh, Hojin Lee, Minyoung Lee, Jongmin Kim, Woochul Chang

“…CVDs are characterized by a broad range of pathological reactions including inflammation, necrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. …”
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Scorpion Venom and the Inflammatory Response by Vera L. Petricevich

“…Victims of envenoming by a scorpion suffer a variety of pathologies, involving mainly both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation as well as central manifestations such as irritability, hyperthermia, vomiting, profuse salivation, tremor, and convulsion. …”
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Aspirin inhibits proteasomal degradation and promotes α-synuclein aggregate clearance through K63 ubiquitination by Jing Gao, Yang Liu, Chenfang Si, Rui Guo, Shouqiao Hou, Xiaosong Liu, Houfang Long, Di Liu, Daichao Xu, Zai-Rong Zhang, Cong Liu, Bing Shan, Christoph W. Turck, Kaiwen He, Yaoyang Zhang

“…Accordingly, using the major pathological protein of Parkinson’s disease (PD), α-synuclein (α-syn), as an example of protein aggregates, we find that aspirin is able to reduce α-syn in cultured cells, neurons, and PD model mice with rescued locomotor ability. …”
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Insulin in Central Nervous System: More than Just a Peripheral Hormone by Ana I. Duarte, Paula I. Moreira, Catarina R. Oliveira

“…Herewith, we aim to integrate the metabolic, neuromodulatory, and neuroprotective roles of insulin in two age-related pathologies: diabetes and AD, both in terms of intracellular signaling and potential therapeutic approach.…”
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Manual Removal of the Placenta after Vaginal Delivery: An Unsolved Problem in Obstetrics by Fiona Urner, Roland Zimmermann, Alexander Krafft

“…Despite scant evidence it is commonly advised that if the placenta has not been expelled 30 minutes after delivery, manual removal of the placenta should be carried out under anaesthesia. Pathologic adhesion of the placenta in the low risk situation usually is diagnosed at the time of delivery; therefore a pre- or intrapartum screening opportunity for placenta accreta would be desirable. …”
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Lifor Solution: An Alternative Preservation Solution in Small Bowel Transplantation by Mingxiao Guo, Chunlei Lu, Ying Gao, Haifeng Zhang, Dongfeng Chen, Yousheng Li

“…After 9 h cold preservation, pathological changes, the content of ATP in the intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal absorptive function after transplantation in group 2 were similar to those of group 1. …”
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Impaired Resolution of Inflammation in the Endoglin Heterozygous Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis by Madonna R. Peter, Mirjana Jerkic, Valentin Sotov, David N. Douda, Daniela S. Ardelean, Niousha Ghamami, Flavia Lakschevitz, Meraj A. Khan, Susan J. Robertson, Michael Glogauer, Dana J. Philpott, Nades Palaniyar, Michelle Letarte

“…We previously demonstrated that Endoglin heterozygous (Eng+/−) mice subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) developed persistent gut inflammation and pathological angiogenesis. We now report that colitic Eng+/− mice have low colonic levels of active TGF-β1, which was associated with reduced expression of thrombospondin-1, an angiostatic factor known to activate TGF-β1. …”
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EGFR: A Master Piece in G1/S Phase Transition of Liver Regeneration by Alexandra Collin de l'Hortet, Hélène Gilgenkrantz, Jacques-Emmanuel Guidotti

“…Recently, other levels of control have been discovered to monitor this pathway, which will lead us to discuss regulations of the EGFR pathway and highlight the potential effect of misregulations in pathologies.…”
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The Leech Nervous System: A Valuable Model to Study the Microglia Involvement in Regenerative Processes by Françoise Le Marrec-Croq, Francesco Drago, Jacopo Vizioli, Pierre-Eric Sautière, Christophe Lefebvre

“…Microglia are intrinsic components of the central nervous system (CNS). During pathologies in mammals, inflammatory processes implicate the resident microglia and the infiltration of blood cells including macrophages. …”
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Fundoscopic Changes in Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome by Augusto Magalhães, Jorge Meira, Ana Maria Cunha, Raul Jorge Moreira, Elisa Leão-Teles, Manuel Falcão, Jorge Breda, Fernando Falcão-Reis

“…Fundoscopic alterations are not usually included in the ocular pathological spectrum of MPS VI. However, with improved control of systemic comorbidities, survival rates of these patients have increased, which in turn has made it possible to observe other changes besides the ones that were classically described. …”
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Case report: Therapeutic use of bortezomib in a patient with Schnitzler syndrome by Hua Bai, Dongming Zhou, Jinwen Liu, Jie He, Zhou Min, Wenyong Fan, Bing Chen, Yong Xu

“…Whole exome sequencing (WES) did not reveal any pathological variants associated with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases or the MYD88 L265P mutation. …”
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Correlation analysis of recurrent factors in borderline ovarian tumors undergoing fertility preservation surgery by Yichi Xie, Dandan Wang, Ningning Zhang, Qing Yang

“…The results of multivariate analysis showed that the pathological features of micro papillary structure, intra operative as cites, bilateral tumors, and the increased ratio of neu tro phil to lymphocyte before surgery are independent risk factors for the recurrence of borderline ovarian tumors.ConclusionThe prognosis of women of childbearing age with borderline ovarian tumors undergoing conservation function surgery is good. …”
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A myocardial infarction detected in an unusual way by Massimo Barakat, Enrico Bertagnin, Lorenzo Mulazzani, Francesco Galuppi, Sanda Giovanna Nizzardo

“…An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan ruled out acute abdominal pathological findings but showed a marked hypoperfusion of the mid-apical anterior wall and the apex of the left ventricle. …”
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Radiographic Findings in Patients with Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw by Camila Lopes Cardoso, Carolina Arrabal Barros, Cláudia Curra, Luciana Maria Paes da Silva Ramos Fernandes, Solange de Oliveira Braga Franzolin, Joel Santiago Ferreira Júnior, Carlos César De Antoni, Marcos Martins Curi

“…Panoramic radiography was used for evaluation, by two examiners, the following findings were subject of search: osteolysis (OT), cortical bone erosion (EC), bone sclerosis focal (FS) and diffuse (DS), bone sequestration (BS), thickening of lamina dura (TD), prominence of the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IAN), persisting alveolar sockets (SK), and the presence of a pathological fracture (PF). Medical information and staging were also recorded in order to correlate with radiographic findings. …”
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Closing the gap in dementia research by community-based cohort studies in the Chinese populationResearch in context by Xiaowen Zhou, Zhenxu Xiao, Wanqing Wu, Yuntao Chen, Changzheng Yuan, Yue Leng, Yao Yao, Qianhua Zhao, Albert Hofman, Eric Brunner, Ding Ding

“…We identified critical research gaps and propose future directions, including enhancing sample representativeness, investigating China-specific risk factors, expanding exposure measurements to the whole life-span, collecting objective data, conducting administer-friendly domain-specific cognitive assessments, adopting pathological diagnostic criteria, standardizing biobank construction, verifying multi-modal biomarkers, examining social and genetic-environmental aspects, and monitoring post-COVID cognitive health, to approach high quality of dementia studies that can provide solid evidence to policy making and promote global brain health research.…”
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Neonatal Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia: A Severe Case With Prenatal Indicators and Comprehensive Review of Recognition and Management by Samaneh Parviz, Dariush Hooshyar

“…ABSTRACT Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), also known as glycine encephalopathy, is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the glycine cleavage enzyme system (GCS), leading to the pathological accumulation of glycine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). …”
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Targeted correction of megabase-scale CNTN6 duplication in induced pluripotent stem cells and impacts on gene expression by Maria Gridina, Polina Orlova, Oleg Serov

“…However, duplication of the full-length human CNTN6 gene presents with variable penetrance, resulting in phenotypes that range from neurodevelopmental disorders to no visible pathologies, even within the same family. Previously, we obtained a set of induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from a patient with a CNTN6 gene duplication and from two healthy donors. …”
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Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin Modulates Its Activities in Human Cells In Vitro and Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo by Elena Boggio, Chiara Dianzani, Casimiro Luca Gigliotti, Maria Felicia Soluri, Nausicaa Clemente, Giuseppe Cappellano, Erika Toth, Davide Raineri, Benedetta Ferrara, Cristoforo Comi, Umberto Dianzani, Annalisa Chiocchetti

“…These findings suggest that drugs targeting each fragment may be used to fine-tune the pathological effects of osteopontin in several diseases.…”
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