Regional sonology of the upper limb - II: Wrist and hand by Bipin R Shah, Ankit B Shah

“…The flexor tendons and the median nerve along the volar aspect of the wrist pass through a fibro-osseous tunnel known as the carpal tunnel. US pathologies commonly encountered in inflammatory arthritis have been very well defined in literature, so that there is better reproducibility of the tests and reduction in the inter-observer variation.…”
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Metabolomic and lipidomic pathways in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by Bosco Seong Kyu Yang, Spiros L. Blackburn, Philip L. Lorenzi, Huimahn A. Choi, Aaron M. Gusdon

“…In particular, metabolomics—the study of small molecules, such as blood products, carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids—can provide a snapshot of dynamic subcellular processes and thus broaden our understanding of molecular-level pathologic changes that lead to the systemic response after aSAH. …”
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Anti-Amyloid Imaging Abnormality in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Beta Monoclonal Antibodies: Recent Updates for the Radiologist by So Yeong Jeong, Chong Hyun Suh, Jae-Sung Lim, Yangsean Choi, Ho Sung Kim, Sang Joon Kim, Jae-Hong Lee

“…Anti-amyloid immunotherapy has shown potential to modify the progression of the disease by specifically binding to amyloid β, a key pathological product in Alzheimer’s disease, and eliminating accumulated amyloid plaques in the brain. …”
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Unveiling the mystery of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma: A unique case report with literature review by Da Teng, Yue Xu, Qingtao Meng, Qingsong Yang

“…Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging results lack specificity, making pathological examination critical for definitive diagnosis. …”
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Active Roles of Tumor Stroma in Breast Cancer Metastasis by Zahraa I. Khamis, Ziad J. Sahab, Qing-Xiang Amy Sang

“…A reciprocal dynamic interaction occurs between the tumor cells and their surrounding stroma under physiological and pathological conditions. This tumor-host communication interface mediates the escape of tumor cells at the primary site, survival of circulating cancer cells in the vasculature, and growth of metastatic cancer at secondary site. …”
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A Review of Metal Exposure and Its Effects on Bone Health by Juliana Rodríguez, Patricia Mónica Mandalunis

“…Long term exposure and short exposure to high concentrations induce an imbalance in the bone remodeling process, altering both formation and resorption and leading to the development of different bone pathologies.…”
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Tumor Resection, Reconstruction, and Ankle Fusion for Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of the Distal Tibia by Alok C. Agrawal, Mukund Madhav Ojha, Somok Banerjee

“…A male patient presented to us with pathological fracture of the left distal tibia due to recurrent GCT. …”
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Mitochondrial DNA leakage: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neurological disorders by Guangming Zhang, Huayuan Wei, Anliu Zhao, Xu Yan, Xiaolu Zhang, Jiali Gan, Maojuan Guo, Jie Wang, Fayan Zhang, Yifang Jiang, Xinxing Liu, Zhen Yang, Xijuan Jiang

“…The escaped mtDNA activates cytosolic DNA sensors, especially cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cGAS) signalling and inflammasome, initiating neuroinflammatory cascades via pathways, exacerbating a spectrum of neurological pathologies. The therapeutic promise of targeting mtDNA leakage is discussed in detail, underscoring the necessity for a multifaceted strategy that encompasses the preservation of mtDNA homeostasis, prevention of membrane leakage, reestablishment of mitochondrial dynamics, and inhibition the activation of cytosolic DNA sensors. …”
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Multispectral Bioluminescence Tomography: Methodology and Simulation by Alexander X. Cong, Ge Wang

“…Bioluminescent imaging has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring physiological and pathological activities at cellular and molecular levels in living small animals. …”
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Use of Flavonoids and Cinnamates, the Main Photoprotectors with Natural Origin by Alesandra R. Nunes, Ícaro G. P. Vieira, Dinalva B. Queiroz, Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal, Selene Maia Morais, Débora Feitosa Muniz, João Tavares Calixto-Junior, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho

“…Many pathological problems are initiated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as skin cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. …”
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The Relationship between Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Report of 2 Cases with Suspected Osteonecrosis by Akira Horikawa, Naohisa Miyakoshi, Yoichi Shimada, Hiroyuki Kodama

“…In both patients, preoperative bone mineral densities of the femoral condyle and proximal tibia of the affected side were lower than those of the unaffected side. Pathological examination of the resected femoral condyle and proximal tibia showed almost intact joint cartilage, healing of the collapsed subchondral bone, and significant trabecular bone loss. …”
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Could flavonoid aglycones prevent the absorption of flavonoid glycosides by inhibiting sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1 in the small intestine? by Katrin Sak

“…Flavonoids present a large group of natural polyphenols with numerous important health benefits for preventing and treating a diverse variety of pathological conditions. However, the actual therapeutic use of these phytochemicals is impeded by their low oral bioavailability. …”
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Pulmonary Blastoma: A Rare Primary Lung Malignancy by Mahmoud S. Alahwal, Iqbal H. Maniyar, Faiza Saleem, Mariam Alshiekh

“…Pulmonary blastoma, a rare primary lung malignancy, is considered to be distinct from other lung tumors based on pathological features, clinical course, and prognosis. …”
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Neuro-inflammation, depression and fatigue in ESRD: Emerging role of microglia and acupuncture as a new treatment addressing neuro-inflammation in ESRD by Suandika Made, Handayani Rahmaya Nova, Muti Refa Teja

“…Chronic inflammation and other pathological factors contribute to the occurrence of both of the aforementioned consequences. …”
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The Effects of Lipid Membranes, Crowding and Osmolytes on the Aggregation, and Fibrillation Propensity of Human IAPP by Mimi Gao, Roland Winter

“…Its development is hallmarked, among others, by the dysfunction and degeneration of β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The major pathological characteristic thereby is the formation of extracellular amyloid deposits consisting of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). …”
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Complement Inhibition as a Proposed Neuroprotective Strategy following Cardiac Arrest by Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Peter A. DeRosa, Andrew F. Ducruet, E. Sander Connolly

“…Due to the profound impact of GCI/R injury following OHCA, and the relative lack of effective neuroprotective strategies for this pathologic process, complement inhibition provides an exciting opportunity to augment existing treatments to improve patient outcomes. …”
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Splenic Involvement in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia by Susumu Takamatsu, Kota Sato, Shunsuke Kato, Hiroto Nagano, Shunro Ohtsukasa, Yasuyuki Kawachi

“…He underwent splenectomy, and his symptoms disappeared after surgery. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed that the hypervascular lesion of the spleen was not a tumor but was composed of abnormal vessels associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. …”
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Breastfeeding impact on kidney health : updated evidence by Hakim RAHMOUNE, Nada BOUTRID, Hala BOUTRID

“…The findings consistently demonstrate that breastfeeding is associated with enhanced renal growth, improved kidney function, and a diminished risk of various renal pathologies. Specifically, breastfed infants exhibit significantly larger renal volumes and elevated glomerular filtration rates, compared to their formula-fed counterparts. …”
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Single Photon Emission Tomography Imaging in Parkinsonian Disorders: A Review by Paul D. Acton, P. David Mozley

“…Parkinsonian symptoms are associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. Pathological evidence has shown clearly that these disorders are associated with a loss of neurons, particularly in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. …”
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Decoding mitochondrial DNA damage and repair associated with H. pylori infection by Aashirwad Shahi, Dawit Kidane

“…Overall, the review summarizes evidence to understand the dynamics of mitochondria genome and the impact of mtBER in innate immune response during H. pylori-associated pathological outcomes.…”
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