The effect of acorn scarification on the growth and root system size of Quercus robur L. seedlings grown in nursery containers by Mariusz Kormanek, Paweł Tylek, Jacek Banach, Zdzisław Kaliniewicz

“…The mechanical scarification of acorns, although requiring a significant investment of resources, is a process commonly used in container nurseries for seed preparation. Its aim is to increase the number of germinating seeds and to shorten and equalise the length of their germination period. …”
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Effect of Additives on Electrodeposition of Copper in Ch Cl-Gl A Low Eutectic Solvent by LIU Yang, HAO Jianjun, YIN Hongkun, WANG Xinhui

“…The use of additives facilitates the deposition of copper on metal substrates.In this work，using choline chloride glacial acetic acid(Ch Cl-Gl A) as a low eutectic solvent and copper acetate as the main salt， the effects of ascorbic acid(C6H8O6)， disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA-2Na) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA) as additives on electrodeposition of copper on iron substrate were investigated.Electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA)； scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to observe and analyze the morphology and composition of the coating.The UV-visible absorption spectrum of the complex formed in the electrodeposited solution with different additives was analyzed by a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.Results indicated that in Ch Cl-Gl A， the electrodeposition of copper involved two steps of oxidation-reduction with the first step of Cu2＋→Cu＋and the second step of Cu＋→Cu.All three additives promoted the deposition of copper in Ch Cl-Gl A，and ascorbic acid had the best effect，which could obtain a copper coating with good performance at room temperature.The electrodeposition of copper in Ch Cl-Gl A followed a three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation process and was an irreversible reaction controlled by diffusion.Moreover，the diffusion coefficients of Cu2＋and Cu＋could reach 4.003 9×10－7 cm2/s，4.762 7×10－7 cm2/s，respectively.The copper crystal prepared with ascorbic acid as additive was a polygonal sheet-like structure with distinct grains，and the optimal crystal plane was the (111) crystal plane.Besides，the average grain sizes of the copper layer with additives DTPA，EDTA-2Na and C6H8O6 were 50.71，55.12 and 52.73 nm.The average grain size of the copper layer without additive was 44.73 nm.…”
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In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions by Johannes Herzog, Jelena Karacic, Leonardo Svellenti, Philipp Sahrmann

“…The assessed methods of simulation were ink (12), varnish (5), calcium phosphate (1), calcium carbonate (1), occlusal spray (3), aluminum (1), commercially distributed and prepared artificial plaque (2). Even though some materials achieved good results in the assessment for individual criteria like water solubility, big differences could be found concerning practicability and production time, no simulation method was rated "very good" or even "good" in the overall evaluation. …”
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Bilosomal Co-Encapsulated Tamoxifen and Propranolol for Potentiated Anti-Breast Cancer Efficacy: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation by Toka T. Elebyary, Amal A. Sultan, Sally E. Abu-Risha, Gamal M. El Maghraby, Manna Amin

“…<b>Methods</b>: Bilosomes comprising Span60, cholesterol, and increasing concentrations of bile salts were prepared together with bile salts containing free standard niosomes. …”
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Chemical, Physical, and Technological Characteristics of Palm Olein and Canola Oil Blends by Ayman Younes Allam, Zakir Showkat Khan, Mohmad Sayeed Bhat, Bindu Naik, Sajad Ahmad Wani, Sarvesh Rustagi, Tahmeed Aijaz, Mohamed Farouk Elsadek, Tse-Wei Chen

“…In this study, canola and palm oil blends were prepared in nine different proportions: B1 (90 : 10), B2 (80 : 20), B3 (70 : 30), B4 (60 : 40), B5 (50 : 50), B6 (40 : 60), B7 (30 : 70), B8 (20 : 80), and B9 (10 : 90). …”
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Ethics and AI-Plagiarism in an Academic Environment: Students’ Understanding of Compliance with Author’s Ethics and the Problem of Plagiarism in the Process of Interaction with Gen... by P. V. Sysoyev

“…The paper highlights five aspects that determine students’ understanding of the issues of compliance with author’s ethics and the problem of AI plagiarism when completing educational assignments and preparing research texts: a) students’ general understanding of the issues of compliance with author’s ethics and the problem of plagiarism in an academic environment; b) students’ experience of AI tools for educational purposes; c) students’ understanding of the problem of AI plagiarism and attitude towards borrowing materials from generative AI; d) teachers’ actions to prevent AI plagiarism among students; e) the policy of educational organizations regarding student compliance with ethics and AI plagiarism. …”
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Dyskryminacja dzieci pozamałżeńskich w ustawodawstwie cywilnym w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej i próby jej przezwyciężenia w projektach kodyfikacyjnych by Leonard Górnicki

“…He then moves on to the work of overcoming discrimination against extramarital children in the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland, analyzing the original drafts prepared by Stanisław Gołąb (1934) and the drafts by the Subcommittee of the law on kinship and guardianship relations of the Codification Commission based on them. …”
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Image-Driven Hybrid Structural Analysis Based on Continuum Point Cloud Method with Boundary Capturing Technique by Kyung-Wan Seo, Junwon Park, Sang I. Park, Jeong-Hoon Song, Young-Cheol Yoon

“…Conventional approaches for the structural health monitoring of infrastructures often rely on physical sensors or targets attached to structural members, which require considerable preparation, maintenance, and operational effort, including continuous on-site adjustments. …”
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Effect of Different Primary Processing Methods on Flavor Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of Coffee Beans by Ke XIAO, Huinan ZHAI, Rongsuo HU, Xinxin YU, Wenjiang DONG

“…In addition, the E-nose results showed that the contents of aroma compounds of coffee prepared by different primary processing methods were significantly different, and the E-sensory analysis could be more effective in distinguishing different primary processing methods than manual evaluation. …”
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Synergetic effect of fungal pretreatment and lignin modification on delignification and saccharification: a case study of a natural lignin mutant in mulberry by James Paul T. Madigal, Masami Terasaki, Masatsugu Takada, Shinya Kajita

“…Results Mulberry wood prepared from homozygotes or heterozygotes with a loss-of-function in the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene (CAD) was pretreated with three fungal species. …”
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Purification of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles using ultrafiltration by Rui Lei, Shuai Ren, Hua Ye, Zhanfeng Cui

“…The study concludes that ultrafiltration could be a promising method for both lab‐scale preparation and industrial‐scale manufacture of MSC‐sEVs, offering advantages of high recovery, scalability, fast, and cost‐effectiveness.…”
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Film Properties, Water Retention, and Growth Promotion of Derivative Carboxymethyl Cellulose Materials from Cotton Straw by Yongni Wu, Mengfan Yu, Yanju Li, Yue Wu, Ziqiang Shao, Yanhua Liu

“…Three kinds of derivative carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) materials, CMC-Na, CMC-K, and CMC-NH4, were prepared from cotton straw fiber. Their chemical structure, film morphology, water retention, biodegradability, and growth promotion were investigated with infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and field experiments. …”
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The Effects of Garlic and Red Chilli Pepper Powder on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Properties of Cincalok by Risa Nofiani, Novi Maulidi Syahmurdiandi, Puji Ardiningsih

“…Cincalok, a traditional fermented shrimp, is prepared by mixing rebon shrimps (Acetes sp) with coarse salt and granulated sugar in a certain ratio. …”
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Effect of Total Saponins of Panax Notoginseng on Lipids Deposition of Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice by Changgeng FU, Ruina BAI, Yue LIU, Linzi LONG, Keji CHEN

“…Objective:To study the effect of total saponins of panax notoginseng (PNS) on high-fat diet induced lipids deposition on the aortic tissue of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE^-/-) mice.Methods:The atherosclerosis models were prepared with a high-fat diet in the ApoE^-/-mouse model for 12 weeks. …”
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Comparison of Compression Parallel to Grain of Acacia Hybrid for Untreated and Treated at Different Combination of Age Groups by Gaddafi ISMAILI, Mohamad Yakub BIBI SURIANI, Iskanda OPENG, Nur Syahina YAHYA, Ismaili ZURINA

“…All the tested samples were in air-dry condition, with the MC ranging from 12 % to 19 %. The specimens were prepared according to BS 373:1957 and Method of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Timber. …”
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Composition and Performance Evaluation of SBS/SBR Modified Emulsified Asphalt for Tack Coat on Airport Pavement by Kaiwei Wang, Xiangbing Xie, Guanghui Li, Jinggan Shao, Meng Bao, Mingwei Wang, Xianglei Zhu, Yahui He

“…However, the performance of the interlayer binder is the critical factor affecting the paving effect. For the preparation of interlayer high-performance emulsified asphalt suitable for airport pavement, the type and dosage of modifier and emulsifier were taken as factors and levels for the orthogonal test. …”
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Taper of the Appendix and Lymphoid Distribution in the Zimbabwean Adult Male Population: A Cadaveric Study by Maimoona Khan, Morris Govo, Tapera Makosa

“…To determine the lymphoid distribution, histological sections of the appendix were prepared and viewed using a light microscope. Results:  Appendix length ranged from 4.52cm to 15cm with an average length and standard deviation of 8.43± 2.45cm.  …”
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Challenges of Beekeeping in Arid Regions by Salim Hitouche, Mohamed Ridha Messak, Azzouzi Imane, Messaoud Lazereg

“…To minimize misunderstandings, the questionnaire was prepared in both Arabic and French and was conducted face-to-face with the selected beekeepers. …”
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Perspectives of using Illumina MiSeq for identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by A. A. Kryukov, A. O. Gorbunova, E. M. Machs, Y. V. Mikhaylova, A. V. Rodionov, P. M. Zhurbenko, A. P. Yurkov

“…The search for the most effective AMF strains for symbiosis and the creation of microbial preparations on that basis is an important task for modern biology. …”
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Maternal Third Delay and Associated Factors among Women Admitted for Emergency Obstetric Care in Public Hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia by Esuyawkal Mislu, Ali Seid, Nigus Bililign, Terefe Woyo, Dubale Dulla

“…Additionally, women who arrived with a referral from other health facilities (AOR=0.311, 95%CI=0.181−0.534), well prepared for birth and its complications (AOR=2.418, 95%CI=1.51−3.869), self-employed (AOR=0.223, 95%CI=0.122−0.409), being a government employee (AOR=0.157, 95%CI=0.063−0.396), having ANC follow-up (AOR=2.795, 95%CI=1.318−5.928), and absence of health professional (AOR=4.63, 95%CI=2.857−7.50) were significantly associated with maternal third delay. …”
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