AI versus human-generated multiple-choice questions for medical education: a cohort study in a high-stakes examination by Alex KK Law, Jerome So, Chun Tat Lui, Yu Fai Choi, Koon Ho Cheung, Kevin Kei-ching Hung, Colin Alexander Graham

“…Combining AI efficiency with expert oversight could optimise question creation for high-stakes exams, offering a scalable model for medical education that balances time efficiency and content quality.…”
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Two decades of recipient and donor referrals for heart transplantation to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa: A retrospective study by R Kanyongo, G Calligaro, B Cupido, J Scherman, A Brooks, C Ofoegbu, N Da Silva, A Ryan, M Mofamadi, K Seele, P Human, J Brink, P Zilla, T Pennel

“…There is an urgent need to analyse the current transplant referral pathway to optimise equitable access to transplantation. Objectives. …”
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Impact of patient–family physician language concordance on healthcare utilisation and mortality: a retrospective cohort study of home care recipients in Ontario, Canada by Claire Kendall, Sharon Johnston, Michael Reaume, Peter Tanuseputro, Michael Pugliese, Douglas Manuel, Denis Prud'homme, Manish Sood, Ricardo Batista, Ewa Sucha, Rhiannon Roberts, Emily Rhodes, Emily Seale, Lise Bjerre, Louise Bouchard

“…For francophones, the risk of experiencing an ED visit, a hospitalisation or death was not impacted by the language of their family physician.Conclusions Patient–family physician language concordance is associated with a lower risk of adverse outcomes in non-English and non-French speakers. Optimising the delivery of language-concordant care could potentially result in significant decreases in the use of acute healthcare services and mortality at the population level.…”
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Web-based mindfulness and skills-based distress reduction for patients with cancer: study protocol of the multicentre, randomised, controlled confirmatory intervention trial Reduct by Dirk Schadendorf, Peter Martus, Stephan Zipfel, Yesim Erim, Alexander Bäuerle, Martin Teufel, Caterina Schug, Johanna Graf, Wolfgang Bethge, Andreas Dinkel, Anja Neumann, Jasmin Steinbach, Jana Heinen, Julia Barbara Krakowczyk, Mirjam Damerau, Sebastian Dries, Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Mitra Tewes, Jörg Wiltink, Alexander Wünsch

“…We expect the Make It Training to be superior to treatment as usual optimised (TAU-O) in terms of reducing distress after completing the intervention (T1, primary endpoint).Methods and analysis The study comprises a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled confirmatory interventional trial with two parallel arms. …”
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Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an ACT and compassion-based intervention for women with breast cancer: study protocol of two randomised controlled trials {1} by Inês A. Trindade, Andreia Soares, David Skvarc, Diogo Carreiras, Joana Pereira, Óscar Lourenço, Filipa Sampaio, Bruno de Sousa, Teresa C. Martins, Paula Boaventura, Joana Marta-Simões, Mind Project Team, Helena Moreira

“…This paper presents the study protocol of two randomised controlled trials that aim to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an optimised version of the Mind programme in women with breast cancer. …”
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Strategies adopted by men to deal with uncertainty and anxiety when following an active surveillance/monitoring protocol for localised prostate cancer and implications for care: a... by Chris Metcalfe, Jenny Donovan, Julia Wade, Vincent J Gnanapragasam, Michael Davis, David Neal, Richard Martin, Athene Lane, Edward Rowe, Freddie Hamdy, James Catto, Emma Turner, David Gillatt, Eleanor Walsh, Derek Rosario, Tim Peters, Roger Kockelbergh, Alan Paul, Peter Holding, Howard Kynaston, Owen Hughes, Prasad Bollina, Alan Doherty, Edgar Paez

“…This study investigated men’s strategies for coping with the uncertainties of active monitoring (AM, a surveillance strategy within the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment, ProtecT trial) over the longer term and implications for optimising supportive care.Design Longitudinal serial in-depth qualitative interviews every 2–3 years for a median 7 (range 6–14) years following diagnosis.Setting Four centres within the UK Protect trial.Participants Purposive sample of 20 men with localised PCa: median age at diagnosis 64 years (range 52–68); 15 (75%) had low-risk PCa; 12 randomly allocated to, 8 choosing AM. …”
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Elevated blood glucose and unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes in a low-income setting: findings from a prospective cohort study in Eswatini by Diederick E Grobbee, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Kennedy Otwombe, Victor Williams, Alinda G Vos-Seda, Marianne Calnan, Colani S Ngwenya, Samson Haumba, Lindiwe Mdluli-Dlamini

“…Hypertension (AOR 4.84; 95% CI: 1.48, 15.7), unemployment (AOR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.71) and high school education (AOR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.64) were associated with unfavourable treatment outcome.Conclusion Our study shows the need to optimise care for patients receiving treatment for tuberculosis by integrating screening for and treatment of diabetes and hypertension, prioritising males, those aged ≥55 years and those with a reactive HIV status to limit unfavourable outcomes and death.…”
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Implementing and evaluating the comprehensive integration of physical activity into a major health system: study design and protocol by Alex Ewing, Mark Stoutenberg, Jennifer L Trilk, Christopher Wichman, Paul A Estabrooks, John M Brooks, Meenu Jindal, James Rosemeyer, Leah M Schumacher, Lia K McNulty, Stephanie Eskuri, Frankie Bennett

“…Information gained from this study will lead to the refinement of a generalisable approach to inform future implementation strategies on optimising and scaling up the integration of comprehensive PA models in US health systems and be disseminated through conference presentations, publication in peer-reviewed journals and direct work with health systems.Trial registration number NCT06073041.…”
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Cost-effectiveness analysis of proactive home visits compared with site-based community health worker care on antenatal care outcomes in Mali: a cluster-randomised trial by Osondu Ogbuoji, Caroline Whidden, Emily Treleaven, Youssouf Keita, Kassoum Kayentao, Ari Johnson, Jenny X Liu, Minahil Shahid, Mohamed Berthé, Armand Zimmerman, David Charles Boettiger, Coumba Traoré, Mahamadou Sogoba, Saibou Doumbia, Amadou Beydi Cissé

“…However, despite the success of CHW programmes in various countries, WHO has called for additional research to develop evidence-based models that optimise CHW service delivery and that can be replicated across geographies.Methods The ProCCM Trial was a cluster-randomised controlled trial to compare proactive home visits by CHWs (intervention, 69 village clusters) to the provision of CHW care at community fixed sites only (control, 68 village clusters) in the Bankass health district in Central Mali. …”
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Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial 1 (DETECT 1): outcome masked, placebo-controlled trial comparing two types of corneal transplant surgeries and effect of rho kinase... by Thomas M Lietman, Jennifer Rose-Nussbaumer, Bennie H Jeng, Benjamin F Arnold, Winston Chamberlain, Charles C Lin, Jennifer Y Li, William Gensheimer, Jameson Clover, Nicole Varnado, Sarah Abdelrahman

“…The results of this trial will contribute to optimising corneal transplantation techniques and improving long-term graft survival, while also exploring the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. …”
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Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced or recurrent cervical cancer by Xue Zhang, Wen-Jie Yin, Ai-Li Zhang, Xiao-Xiao Zhang, Li-Juan Ding, Jiao Zhang, Shu-Ting He, Jie-Ping Yan

“…Future research will primarily focus on optimising customised regiments that optimally integrate pembrolizumab into new therapies and combination strategies. …”
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Factors associated with non-response and nutritional status of non-responders at 6-month post-discharge: a cohort study nested in a MUAC-based nutrition programme for acutely malno... by Maguy Daures, Jérémie Hien, Cécile Cazes, Rodrigue Alitanou, Laure Saillet, Benjamin Séri, Ahmad Ag Mohamed Aly, Oumarou Maidadji, Atté Sanoussi, Aboubacar Mahamadou, Mathias Altmann, Kevin Phelan, Renaud Becquet, Susan Shepherd

“…As current research emphasizes ways to simplify and optimize treatment protocols, non-response emerges as a new issue to enhance program efficiency.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at two health centres in Mirriah, Niger among children aged 6–59 months with uncomplicated AM treated under the Optimising treatment for Acute MAlnutrition (OptiMA) protocol. …”
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Importance of infarct topography in determination of stroke mechanism and recurrence risk: a post-hoc analysis of the dabigatran acute treatment of stroke trial by Michael D Hill, Ken Butcher, Kelvin Ng, Mukul Sharma, Shelagh B Coutts, Brian H Buck, Thalia Field, Erol Cimen, Laura C Gioia, Jodi Miller, Oscar R Benavente

“…The question is clinically relevant to optimise secondary stroke prevention investigations and treatment.Design We conducted a retrospective analysis of the dabigatran treatment of acute stroke II (DATAS II) trial (ClinicalTrials.gove NCT NCT02295826), in which patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at baseline and 30 days after randomisation to one of two antithrombotic therapies. …”
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Do continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics predict macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes? The FACULTY protocol of a retrospective real-world cohort study by Eric Vicaut, Ramzi A Ajjan, J Seufert, Gérard de Pouvourville, Emmanuel Cosson, Laure Carcaillon-Bentata, Tadej Battelino, Patrick Blin, Fleur Levrat-Guillen, Michael Joubert

“…This will have an impact on routine clinical practice by setting targets for the different glycaemic markers, based on robust outcome data, thus helping to optimise glucose management in diabetes.Ethics and dissemination The study data-collection protocol is approved by the French National Commission for Informatics and Liberties, including approval from the Comité Ethique et Scientifique pour les Recherches, les Etudes et les Evaluations dans le domaine de la Santé. …”
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Global comparison of the economic costs of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Lan Gao, Susan Brumby, Crystal Man Ying Lee, George Mnatzaganian, Suzanne Robinson, Helen Brown, Rachel Huxley, Anna Peeters, Dan Xu, James Boyd, Sean Randall, Adrienne O’Neil, Sangita Shakya, Sarah Gauci, Anita Shrestha, James Lucas

“…Exploring advanced costing methods such as time-driven activity-based costing can optimise resource allocation and identify opportunities to reduce unnecessary costs and cost disparities.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023412044.…”
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Biologic Therapy and Cardiometabolic Risk in Psoriasis: A Retrospective Review by Annika Smith, Aidin Karahasan, Deborah Yi, Sanjay Yapabandara, James Elhindi, Pablo Fernandez-Penas, Clara Chow, Sarah Zaman

“…Further research in larger cohorts is needed to elucidate the benefits, if any, of biologic therapy on cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with psoriasis, in order to optimise care for this vulnerable cohort.…”
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The effect of prone positioning on maternal haemodynamics and fetal wellbeing in the third trimester-A primary cohort study with a scoping review. by Laura Ormesher, Jessica Catchpole, Linda Peacock, Heather Pitt, Anastasia Fabian-Hunt, Dexter Hayes, Claudia Popp, Jason M Carson, Raoul van Loon, Lynne Warrander, Karli Büchling, Alexander E P Heazell

“…Further work is needed to optimise the safety of prone positioning in pregnancy.…”
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Rearing mealworm larvae with wheat, barley or maize grains as main source of nutrients in unbalanced or balanced substrates by D. Plonquet, G. Fondevila, M. Fondevila

“…Feeding conditions of mealworm (T. molitor) larvae for livestock nutrition need to be optimised. The effects of the cereal offered as main nutrient source on growth performance and composition of T. molitor larvae were evaluated. …”
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Skeletal Status, Body Composition, and Glycaemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Elzbieta Wierzbicka, Anna Swiercz, Pawel Pludowski, Maciej Jaworski, Mieczyslaw Szalecki

“…Their recognition can be crucial in directing strategies to optimise metabolic control and improve diabetes management for bone development and maintenance in adolescents with T1DM.…”
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Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo by Enrique Morales, Iñigo Rúa-Figueroa, José Luis Callejas Rubio, Ana Ávila Bernabéu, Ricardo Blanco Alonso, Maria C. Cid Xutgla, Gema Fernández Juárez, Natalia Mena-Vázquez, Juan José Ríos Blanco, Joaquín Manrique Escola, F. Javier Narváez García, Bernardo Sopeña, Luis F. Quintana Porras, Susana Romero-Yuste, Roser Solans Laqué

“…The use of glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide and other immunosupressants (such as azathioprine, mychophenolate and methotrexate) was optimised in a series of clinical trials that established the treatment of reference. …”
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