Module and modularity – Variations and application scales in contemporary times by Cesare Sposito, Francesca Scalisi

“…With their infinite application scales, ‘from the spoon to the city’ (Rogers, 1952), the ‘module’ and ‘modularity’ resurface strongly in the new Millennium and can become a paradigm in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (UN, 2015) if associated with the themes of reversibility and accessibility, in addition, the varied conceptual and instrumental declinations of ‘module’ and ‘modularity’ can provide support throughout the entire life cycle of a system, optimising its ideational, production/implementation and management phases in Landscape, City, Architecture and Industrial Design, enabling the overcoming of a static and linear view of the built environment through ‘open’, ‘flexible’, ‘adaptive’, ‘multi-scalar’ and ‘sustainable’ systems especially when managed through intelligent digital tools. …”
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Patient-centered Outcomes in Modern Endodontic Microsurgery: A Narrative Review by Haytham Jaha

“…By providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence, the present review will assist clinicians in making informed decisions regarding the selection of microsurgical techniques and adjunctive therapies to optimise patient outcomes.…”
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Managing Risk in the Design of Modular Systems for an Autonomous Shuttle by Thomas H. Drage, Kieran Quirke-Brown, Lemar Haddad, Zhihui Lai, Kai Li Lim, Thomas Braunl

“…We present results of a risk assessment for our vehicle scenario and develop a flexible architecture that integrates safety features and optimises open-source software, facilitating research and operational functionality. …”
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COVFlow: phylodynamics analyses of viruses from selected SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences by Danesh, Gonché, Boennec, Corentin, Verdurme, Laura, Roussel, Mathilde, Trombert-Paolantoni, Sabine, Visseaux, Benoit, Haim-Boukobza, Stéphanie, Alizon, Samuel

“…Phylodynamic analyses can generate important and timely data to optimise public health response to SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and epidemics. …”
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Development of an ANN optimized mucoadhesive buccal tablet containing flurbiprofen and lidocaine for dental pain by Hussain Amjad, Syed Muhammad Ali, Abbas Nasir, Hanif Sana, Arshad Muhammad Sohail, Bukhari Nadeem Irfan, Hussain Khalid, Akhlaq Muhammad, Ahmad Zeeshan

“…An artificial neural network (ANN) approach was applied to optimise formulations based on known effective parameters (i.e., mucoadhesive strength, mucoadhesion time and drug release), which proved valuable. …”
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Model pruning techniques in the Internet of things: state of the art, methods and perspectives by ZHAO Junhui, LI Huaicheng, WANG Dongming, LI Jiamin, ZHOU Yiqing, SHU Feng

“…This technique was extremely suitable for optimising AI models deployed on IoT devices. Firstly, two typical model pruning techniques-structured pruning and unstructured pruning, which were currently popular and suitable for different application scenarios, were reviewed. …”
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Potential Benefits of Dynamic Beam Synthesis to Mobile Satellite Communication, Using the Inmarsat 4 Antenna Architecture as a Test Example by R. F. E. Guy

“…An alternative approach is to abandon the use of fixed beams and dynamically synthesise the beams to optimise the antenna performance in real time. This both increases user gain and lowers cofrequency interference whilst also reducing the effects of pointing errors. …”
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Effect of nonlinearity of restrainer and supports on the elasto-plastic seismic response of continuous girder bridge by Wang Changfeng, Zhu Long, Chen Xingchong

“…When entering nonlinear stage, members of the bridge structure affect the elasto-plastic seismic response of the whole structure to a certain extent; for multi-span continuous bridges, longitudinal restrainers can be installed on the movable piers to optimise the distribution of seismic force and enable the movable piers to bear a certain amount of seismic effect. …”
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Nutrition and Sarcopenia: A Review of the Evidence and Implications for Preventive Strategies by Siân Robinson, Cyrus Cooper, Avan Aihie Sayer

“…However, as muscle mass and strength in later life are a reflection of both the rate of muscle loss and the peak attained in early life, efforts to prevent sarcopenia also need to consider diet across the lifecourse and the potential effectiveness of early interventions. Optimising diet and nutrition throughout life may be key to preventing sarcopenia and promoting physical capability in older age.…”
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Space Optimization for Raw Material Transportation: Reducing Environmental Impact by Taraa Chaymae, Ezzine Latifa, Dadda Afaf, Elallouli Ikram, Ayyadi Aya, Elmoussami Haj

“…This study focuses on optimising truck space for the transportation of raw materials. …”
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Antenatal corticosteroids in Singapore: a clinical and scientific assessment by Arundhati Gosavi, Zubair Amin, Sean William David Carter, Mahesh Arjandas Choolani, Erin Lesley Fee, Mark Amir Milad, Alan Hall Jobe, Matthew Warren Kemp

“…Drawing on clinical and experimental data, we reviewed the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of dexamethasone treatment regimen in Singapore, with a view to creating a development pipeline for optimising this critically important antenatal therapy.…”
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Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel by Bhagya Laxmi, Jayashree P K, Sathish Rao U, Ananda Hegde, Sathyashankara Sharma

“…Surface response methodology was used to obtain optimised conditions from single stage tempering process to carry out other types of the tempering processes such as multiple and step tempering processes. …”
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Development of methodology for assessing the effectiveness of tax control types by E. N. Kolesnikova

“…There are two purposes of the study, the results of which are summarised in this article: to systematise modern approaches of assessing the effectiveness of certain tax control forms and to develop proposals for optimising ways to identify the most effective of them. …”
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A Pregnancy Case of Primary Mediastinal Large B Cell Lymphoma with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome by Lauren Brownhalls, Ann Gillett, Yasmin Whately, Keisuke Tanaka

“…Timely diagnosis is imperative to optimising patient outcomes and reducing both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. …”
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Multi-component screening coupled with ultrasound-assisted green extraction based on HPLC-HRMS for bio-actives analysis in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by Shouying Wang, Yiqing Song, Miaomiao Chen, Bing Bai, Lin Zhou, Changyan Zhou, Yongchun Zhang, Zhiying Huang, Wenshuai Si

“…A database of 115 bio-actives from seven subclasses, including information on retention time, parent ion m/z, fragment m/z, and isotopic fit, was established, and an instrumental method for simultaneous analysis of these targets was optimised. An ultrasound-assisted preparation method at 50 °C for 50 min with a 1:60 solid-liquid ratio, water as the solvent was proposed for the screening of unknown components and the antioxidant analysis in saffron. …”
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Investigation of the effect of extrusion process parameters and filler loading on the performance of LDPE composites reinforced with eggshell powder by Yasith S. Perera, Mohammad Naaib, Nisal Ariyasinghe, Chamil Abeykoon

“…Proper selection of extrusion parameters and filler loading is crucial in achieving composites with desired performance while optimising the extrusion process. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of extruder parameters and filler loading on the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites reinforced with eggshell powder, and motor power consumption of the extruder, which should aid in optimising the melt blending process. …”
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Rethinking Autonomous and Robotic Systems in Residential Architecture by Sotirios Kotsopoulos, Jason Nawyn

“…Informed by twenty years of hands-on experimentation with autonomous and robotic systems in home prototypes at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this study provides insight into the motivations and values of integrating computing technologies in residential architecture. Although optimising home adaptability for energy efficiency, ergonomics, and climate control are shown to have benefits, applications intended to influence human behaviour remain questionable. …”
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A Criterion Based Rehabilitation Protocol for ACL Repair with Internal Brace Augmentation by Ahmer Irfan, Stewart Kerr, Graeme Hopper, William Wilson, Lynsay Wilson, Gordon Mackay

“…It acts as a stabiliser to permit early mobilization and optimise rehabilitation. As understanding of rehabilitation has progressed, there has been an increased focus on early weight-bearing and achieving full range of movement. …”
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Metaverse in industrial contexts - a comprehensive review by Ravdeep Kour, Ramin Karim, Sridharan Naveen Venkatesh, Uday Kumar

“…By integrating AI and digital technologies, the Metaverse can enhance Human-System-Interaction (HSI) and optimise AM processes. However, implementing a Metaverse in industrial contexts faces challenges, particularly in visualising physical and virtual assets. …”
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Orbital Blood Flow and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome - A Narrative Review by Anujeet Paul, Aishwarya Naik, Prasanna V. Ramesh, Tamanna Ghosh

“…Techniques for clinical evaluation, notably colour Doppler imaging, emerge as indispensable tools for assessing blood flow in patients with PEX.The article emphasises the significance of vascular dysfunction in PEX, highlighting the findings of decreased blood flow velocities and elevated resistive indices in affected individuals.The review underscores the imperative of comprehending the vascular implications of PEX to optimise diagnostic and management approaches, with far reaching implications for minimising operative complications and enhancing patient outcomes.…”
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