A novel classification method for balance differences in elite versus expert athletes based on composite multiscale complexity index and ranking forests. by Yuqi Cheng, Dawei Wu, Ying Wu, Youcai Guo, Xinze Cui, Pengquan Zhang, Jie Gao, Yanming Fu, Xin Wang

“…Among all classifiers, the combination of CMCI and Ranking Forest yielded the best performance, with a sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 0.35. This nonlinear, multidimensional approach appears to be highly suitable for assessing the complexity of postural control.…”
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL FRACTAL MODEL OF DAMPING FOR TANGENTIAL CONTACT IN JOINT INTERFACES by LAN GuoSheng, SUN Wan, TAN WenBing, ZHANG XueLiang, WEN ShuHua, CHEN YongHui

“…There is an obvious nonlinear relationship between the tangential contact equivalent viscous damping of joint interfaces,when fractal dimension D value is between 2. 1 and 2. 5. …”
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Emei Martial Arts Promotion Model and Properties Based on Neural Network Technology by Cheng Xing, N.E. Zainal Abidin, Yudong Tang

“…Due to the effectiveness of the structure, the neural network can mine nonlinear implicit relationships from the data and find the martial arts items that users want to promote. …”
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Kinect-Based Exergames Tailored to Parkinson Patients by Ioannis Pachoulakis, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Anastasia Analyti

“…This can be avoided with the help of current technology, character-based, interactive 3D games promote physical training in a nonlinear fashion, and can provide experiences that change each time the game is played. …”
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A New Root-Finding Algorithm for Solving Real-World Problems and Its Complex Dynamics via Computer Technology by Amir Naseem, M. A. Rehman, Jihad Younis

“…With the help of different computer tools and languages, a variety of iterative algorithms can be operated in computers for solving different nonlinear problems. The most important factor of an iterative algorithm is its efficiency that relies upon the convergence rate and computational cost per iteration. …”
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Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Gansu Province and Its Environmental Factors Detection and Analysis by Haili Zhao, Jun Wang, Minghui Wu

“…Although the meteorological influence in adjacent regions shows certain convergence, the change in wind speed has no significant influence on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. (3) PM₁₀, altitude, temperature, population density and GDP per capita have strong explanatory power to the incidence of tuberculosis, and the interaction between any two factors exceeds the effect of a single factor in explanatory power, showing the characteristics of two-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement.…”
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ENTROPY INDICATORS FOR AN ESTIMATION OF CURRENCY RISKS by Valeria Yatsenko

“…One way is by using tools of the theory of dynamic nonlinear systems, namely entropy indicators, such as Shannon and Renyi. …”
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Serviceability Properties of Solid Buoyancy Materials for Deep-Sea HOV by Hailong Zhang, Guoliang Ma, Zhiwei Zhu

“…Based on the test data, the nonlinear characteristics of mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of two buoyant materials are obtained. …”
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An Explicit Method for Estimating the Average Reservoir Pressure and Gas in Place Based on the Gas Property Polynomial Function by Lixia Zhang, Hao Jiang, Yong Li, Xinmin Song, Yang Li

“…We employ the GPPF to capture the nonlinear variations of gas viscosity and Z-factor, helpful to implement a quick conversion between pressure and pseudopressure and to solve the integral equation concerning pseudopressure and thus valid in overcoming the limitations of previous methods concerning pressure or pressure squared. …”
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Using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in Aviation Safety: A Systematic Review by Wulin Tian, Carlo Caponecchia

“…Current FRAM illustrates its advantages in capturing the dynamic and nonlinear nature of complex systems and facilitates our understanding and continual improvement of complex systems. …”
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Fragility-Based Improvement of System Seismic Performance for Long-Span Suspension Bridges by Guanya Lu, Kehai Wang, Wenhua Qiu

“…Component-level fragility curves were derived by probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) using a set of nonlinear time-history analyses that incorporated the related uncertainties such as earthquake motions and structural properties. …”
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Improved Grey Particle Swarm Optimization and New Luus-Jaakola Hybrid Algorithm Optimized IMC-PID Controller for Diverse Wing Vibration Systems by Nailu Li, Hua Yang, Anle Mu

“…Diverse wing vibration systems, including linear system, nonlinear system and multiple-input-multiple-output system are considered to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. …”
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Experimental Characterization, Computational Investigation, and Structure-propertyeactivity Relationship Studies of Nickel Ferrite Nanostructures by Ali Ben Ahmed

“…Additionally, the theoretical background of nickel ferrite was carved out using Density Functional Theory (DFT) by evaluating the electronic structure through the Frontier Molecular Orbital, Molecular Electrostatic Potential, Milliken charge distribution, Density of state spectrum, and nonlinear optical parameters embedded within the nickel ferrite molecule. …”
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Large-scale S-box design and analysis of SPS structure by Lan ZHANG, Liangsheng HE, Bin YU

“…A class of optimal linear transformation P over a finite field<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>F</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow></math></inline-formula> was constructed based on cyclic shift and XOR operation.Using the idea of inverse proof of input-output relation of linear transformation for reference, a proof method was put forward that transformed the objective problem of optimal linear transformation into several theorems of progressive relation, which not only solved the proof of that kind of optimal linear transformation, but also was suitable for the proof of any linear transformation.By means of small-scale S-box and optimal cyclic shift-XOR linear transformation P, a large-scale S-box model with 2-round SPS structure was established, and a series of lightweight large-scale S-boxes with good cryptographic properties were designed.Only three kind of basic operations such as look-up table, cyclic shift and XOR were used in the proposed design scheme, which improved the linearity and difference uniformity of large-scale S-boxes.Theoretical proof and case analysis show that, compared with the existing large-scale S-box construction methods, the proposed large-scale S-box design scheme has lower computational cost and better cryptographic properties such as difference and linearity, which is suitable for the design of nonlinear permutation coding of lightweight cryptographic algorithms.…”
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A Novel Hybrid MPPT Controller for PEMFC Fed High Step-Up Single Switch DC-DC Converter by Shaik Rafikiran, C. H. Hussaian Basha, C. Dhanamjayulu

“…However, the fuel stack drawback is a nonlinear power supply nature. As a result, the functioning point of the fuel stack varies from one position to another position on the V-I curve of the fuel stack. …”
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Robust reinforcement learning algorithm based on pigeon-inspired optimization by Mingying ZHANG, Bing HUA, Yuguang ZHANG, Haidong LI, Mohong ZHENG

“…Reinforcement learning(RL) is an artificial intelligence algorithm with the advantages of clear calculation logic and easy expansion of the model.Through interacting with the environment and maximizing value functions on the premise of obtaining little or no prior information, RL can optimize the performance of strategies and effectively reduce the complexity caused by physical models .The RL algorithm based on strategy gradient has been successfully applied in many fields such as intelligent image recognition, robot control and path planning for automatic driving.However, the highly sampling-dependent characteristics of RL determine that the training process needs a large number of samples to converge, and the accuracy of decision making is easily affected by slight interference that does not match with the simulation environment.Especially when RL is applied to the control field, it is difficult to prove the stability of the algorithm because the convergence of the algorithm cannot be guaranteed.Considering that swarm intelligence algorithm can solve complex problems through group cooperation and has the characteristics of self-organization and strong stability, it is an effective way to be used for improving the stability of RL model.The pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm in swarm intelligence was combined to improve RL based on strategy gradient.A RL algorithm based on pigeon-inspired optimization was proposed to solve the strategy gradient in order to maximize long-term future rewards.Adaptive function of pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm and RL were combined to estimate the advantages and disadvantages of strategies, avoid solving into an infinite loop, and improve the stability of the algorithm.A nonlinear two-wheel inverted pendulum robot control system was selected for simulation verification.The simulation results show that the RL algorithm based on pigeon-inspired optimization can improve the robustness of the system, reduce the computational cost, and reduce the algorithm’s dependence on the sample database.…”
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Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Medication Care by Dong-Dong Wang, Cun Zhang, Yang Yang, Su-Mei He, Ping Zhu, Xiao Chen

“…Methods. 8371 T2DM patients from four dapagliflozin studies and two canagliflozin studies were collected for analyzing with nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). The change rates of UACR from baseline were intended to be evaluation indicators. …”
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Analysis of Regional Economic Development Differences Based on Intelligent Hybrid Algorithm by Yanyan Li

“…Intelligent algorithms or their improved and hybrid algorithms can recently achieve more suitable solutions to practical problems of nonlinear, discrete, nondifferentiable, and multiple constraints. …”
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Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying Control around Artificial Equilibrium Point Using Propellantless Approach by Lei Zhao, Changqing Yuan, Xiaoming Li, Jingjiu He

“…Secondly, considering the external disturbances in the deep space environment, the nonlinear dynamic model of the spacecraft formation system based on the circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) is derived, under the assumption that the leader covers the nominal trajectory and each follower adjusts its propulsive acceleration vector (that is, both its sail attitude and electrostatic charge) in order to track a desired relative trajectory. …”
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Further Developments of Bessel Functions via Conformable Calculus with Applications by Mahmoud Abul-Ez, Mohra Zayed, Ali Youssef

“…Furthermore, we describe a useful scheme involving the collocation method to solve some conformable fractional linear (nonlinear) multiorder differential equations. Accordingly, several practical test problems are treated to illustrate the validity and utility of the proposed techniques and examine their approximate and exact solutions. …”
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