Estimating Potential for Drug Budget Reallocation Following Expiration of Exclusivity of Pharmaceutical Products by Samira Toghanian, John Moshtaghi-Svensson, Maria Papageorgiou, Kristin Kittelsen, Christiaan Dolk, Markus Hultstrand, Stina Salomonsson

“…**Objectives:** This study investigated the impact of generic/biosimilar entry on drug budget in 4 countries. **Methods:** Pharmaceutical sales data, drug costs and LOE dates were modeled and forecast using an analytical framework (Affordability by ReallocaTing Funds model \[ART\]) to estimate future incremental budget availability using scenario analyses in Greece (GR), the Netherlands (NL), Norway (NO) and Sweden (SW). …”
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Assessment of Factors Influencing the Implementation of Biosecurity Measures on Pig Farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa) by Marc K. Kouam, Junior O. Moussala

“…Those with the lowest score (<6) were “sanitary lock present,” “use of herd specific clean coveralls and boots on farm,” and “entry restriction sign post present.” The biosecurity level was associated with production system, with the score 6.57 and 3.66 points lower for extensive and semi-intensive farms, respectively, than for intensive system. …”
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Green Synthesize and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using Iranian Propolis Extracts by Yasamin Seyyed Hajizadeh, Naser Harzandi, Ebrahim Babapour, Mohsen Yazdanian, Reza Ranjbar

“…The cavity inside the hive’s walls is filled in during cold days to reduce entry points and mummify any intruders to ensure their survival. …”
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Use Of Anti-Epileptics For Seizure Prophylaxis After Traumatic Brain Injury In The Pediatric Population by Aroosh Khan, Sidra Tul Muntaha, Hammad Ayaz, Afrah Tariq, Huma Mughal

“…All the study-relevant information was noted on the proforma. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0. …”
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Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser Irradiation and Dentin Bonding Agent on Permeability of Furcation Area in Primary Molars by Mohammad Atif, Nitesh Tewari, Vijay P. Mathur, Kalpana Bansal, Morankar Rahul

“…Purpose: Multiple accessory canals make furcation area of primary molars the most common port of entry of bacterial endotoxins to periradicular area. …”
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CD4 Cell Counts at HIV Diagnosis among HIV Outpatient Study Participants, 2000–2009 by Kate Buchacz, Carl Armon, Frank J. Palella, Rose K. Baker, Ellen Tedaldi, Marcus D. Durham, John T. Brooks

“…We studied HOPS participants diagnosed with HIV infection ≤6 months prior to entry into care during 2000–2009. We assessed the correlates of CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 at HIV diagnosis (late HIV diagnosis) by logistic regression. …”
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Analysis of Startup Process and Its Optimization for a Two-Stand Reversible Cold Rolling Mill by Guangming Liu, Yugui Li, Qingxue Huang, Xia Yang, Aimin Liu

“…The results show that the strip thickness in the rolling gap reduces in the static mill screwdown process. The entry stand runs inversely to establish the static interstand tension. …”
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Adaptive Gradient-Based Optimization Method for Parameter Identification in Power Distribution Network by Bin Li, Yehai Jiang, Ke Hu, Xiangyi Zhou, Haoran Chen, Shihe Xu, Hao Jiao, Jinming Chen

“…However, device parameters are always affected by the operating status and influenced by manual entry. Besides, the distribution area of PDN is very wide, which brings more challenges to parameter identification work. …”
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IALight: Importance-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Arterial Traffic Cooperative Control by Lu WEI, Xiaoyan ZHANG, Lijun FAN, Lei GAO, Jian YANG

“…However, most existing MARL-based methods treat intersection equally, ignoring different importance of each intersection, such as high traffic volume, connecting multiple main roads, serving as entry or exit point for highways or commercial areas, etc. …”
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Unraveling the Effect of Immunogenicity on the PK/PD, Efficacy, and Safety of Therapeutic Proteins by Alison Smith, Hugh Manoli, Stacey Jaw, Kimberley Frutoz, Alan L. Epstein, Leslie A. Khawli, Frank-Peter Theil

“…Their biodistribution is often limited by hydrophobic barriers which often restrict their administration to either intravenous or subcutaneous entry routes. Additionally, their potential for immunogenicity has proven to be a challenge to developing safe and reliably efficacious drugs. …”
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Laparoscopic Management of Huge Ovarian Cysts by A. Alobaid, A. Memon, S. Alobaid, L. Aldakhil

“…All patients had open-entry laparoscopy. After evaluation of the cyst capsule, the cysts were drained under laparoscopic guidance, 1–12 liters were drained from the cysts (mean 5.2 L), and then laparoscopic oophorectomy was done. …”
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A delayed HIV-1 model with virus waning term by Bing Li, Yuming Chen, Xuejuan Lu, Shengqiang Liu

“…The two discrete delays stand for the time for infected cells to produce viruses after viral entry and for the time for CD$8^+$ T cell immune response to emerge to control viral replication. …”
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An Overview of Football Interpreting in Turkey: A Sample of Interview Analysis by Hasan Kutay Saba, Fatma Demiray Akbulut

“…As a result of the interview, some conditions provided to translators while working in sports clubs, not much known information until now about the first entry of interpreters into the profession, types of contracts in the profession, financial gain, professionalism of this sector, professional association, advantages/disadvantages of the profession and social rights of translators have been revealed.…”
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Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses by Duliurui Huang, Weixia Xuan, Zhijie Li

“…SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors in ocular surface epithelial cells, facilitating viral entry, replication, and local dissemination. The innate immune responses involving corneal epithelial cells and immune cells are discussed, alongside mechanisms of antigen presentation and adaptive immunity. …”
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‘Wisdom is a gift given to the Wise’: Florence Farr (1860–1917): New Woman, Actress and Pagan Priestess by Muriel Pécastaing-Boissière

“…According to Caroline Wise, who wrote her Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies entry, in Florence Farr: ‘[t]he mystical, the philosophical and the political wove a seamless whole in an active, questing and pioneering life’. …”
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A linear hydraulic fracture with tortuosity and fluid–slip at the fluid–rock interface by M.R.R. Kgatle-Maseko, T.L. Vetezo

“…Four working conditions at the fracture entry are considered and their solutions are obtained numerically. …”
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Islamic and Dutch Schools in Jambi During Colonial Era by Ema Pratama Agustiningsih, Singgih Tri Sulistyono, Dhanang Respati Puguh

“…Education in Jambi had been developed since the entry of Islam at the end of the 11th century, long before the Dutch education system was introduced in the 20th century. …”
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Numerical Study of Airflows, Thermal Structures, and Performance in a Circular Tube Heat Exchanger with Staggered Combined Vortex Producers by Amnart Boonloi, Withada Jedsadaratanachai

“…The airflow velocity, in terms of the Reynolds number from 100 to 2000 (considered from the entry settings), is examined. The current numerical challenge is resolved using a commercial application and the finite volume technique. …”
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Determine the probability distribution function of frosts in Iran during the period (1981-2010) by Mohammad daraei, Peyman Mahmoudi, Behroz sari sarraf, Ali Mohammad khorshiddost

“…Based on the calculations, the first day of frost occurs in the highlands of the Northwest (Saqez, Hamedan, Ardabil, and Zanjan), Northeast (Bojnoord, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Birjand, and also the Central Zagros Mountains (Shahr-e Kord), due to proximity with cold lands of the North such as Siberia and Northern Europe as well as early entry of westerly winds to this region compared to other regions of Iran will occur. …”
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Freemium Business Models as the Foundation for Growing an E-business Venture: A Multiple Case Study of Industry Leaders by Franziska Günzel-Jensen, Anna B. Holm

“…The presented research aims to fil this gap by investiatig how the property ‘free’ was employed in young entrepreneurial ventures’ business models in the initil life-cycle stages – opportunity recognitin, market entry, and market exploitatin. We fid that various forms of freemium business models are employed through the initil life-cycle stages of a new venture for reasons of trial-and-error, learning, exploratin, legitiizatin and resource acquisitin. …”
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