The Role of the Immune System in Huntington’s Disease by Gisa Ellrichmann, Christiane Reick, Carsten Saft, Ralf A. Linker

“…Mutant htt (mhtt) in the striatum is assumed to be the main reason for neurodegeneration. Knowledge about pathophysiology has rapidly improved discussing influences of excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, free radicals, and inflammatory mechanisms. …”
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Hsp70 and Its Molecular Role in Nervous System Diseases by Giuseppina Turturici, Gabriella Sconzo, Fabiana Geraci

“…An understanding of the underlying mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration is key to identifying methods of prevention and treatment. …”
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Classification and Characteristics of Pain Associated with Parkinson’s Disease by Marcelo Rezende Young Blood, Marcelo Machado Ferro, Renato Puppi Munhoz, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive, Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo

“…Its different clinical characteristics, variable relationship with motor symptoms, and inconsistent response to dopaminergic drugs suggest that the mechanism underlying pain in PD is complex and multifaceted, involving the peripheral nervous system, generation and amplification of pain by motor symptoms, and neurodegeneration of areas related to pain modulation. …”
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and α-Synuclein Synaptic Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease: Who’s on First? by Michela Zaltieri, Francesca Longhena, Marina Pizzi, Cristina Missale, PierFranco Spano, Arianna Bellucci

“…However, it is not yet clear which of these events may come first in the sequel of processes leading to neurodegeneration. Here, we reviewed data supporting either that α-synuclein synaptic deposition precedes and indirectly triggers mitochondrial damage or that mitochondrial deficits lead to neuronal dysfunction and α-synuclein synaptic accumulation. …”
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Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Parkinson’s Disease: Impact on Neuronal Survival and Plasticity by Martin Regensburger, Iryna Prots, Beate Winner

“…In Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, chronic neurodegeneration occurs within different areas of the central nervous system leading to progressive motor and nonmotor symptoms. …”
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Isolation of Pleurotus florida derived acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in mice by Kudrat Randhawa, Varinder Singh, Sanimardeep Kaur, Ravinder Kaur, Suresh Kumar, Richa Shri

“…It improved STZ induced dementia and neurodegeneration in mice by reducing brain acetylcholinesterase action and oxidative stress. …”
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Study protocol for using a smartphone application to investigate speech biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies: SMARTSPEECH by Jan Rusz, Tomáš Kouba, Vojtěch Illner

“…A significant increase in several aspects of PD-related speech disorders is expected, and is anticipated to reflect the underlying neurodegeneration processes.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic and all the participants will provide written, informed consent prior to their inclusion in the research. …”
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Anesthetic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Potential Protection by Cheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Fang Liu, Merle G. Paule, William Slikker, Jr.

“…However, more evidence is necessary to in order verify the role of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 and ROS in anesthetic-induced neurodegeneration.…”
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The DNA Replication Stress Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease by Yuri B. Yurov, Svetlana G. Vorsanova, Ivan Y. Iourov

“…A well-recognized theory of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis suggests ectopic cell cycle events to mediate neurodegeneration. Vulnerable neurons of the AD brain exhibit biomarkers of cell cycle progression and DNA replication suggesting a reentry into the cell cycle. …”
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Gut–brain axis and environmental factors in Parkinson’s disease: bidirectional link between disease onset and progression by Soo Jung Park, Kyung Won Kim, Eun Jeong Lee

“…Parkinson’s disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain, as it is defined by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the brain accumulation of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein protein. …”
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Exercise Intervention Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer’s Disease by Meng Ying Cui, Yang Lin, Ji Yao Sheng, Xuewen Zhang, Ran Ji Cui

“…MCI is the preclinical stage of AD in which neurodegeneration may be reversed via neuroplasticity. …”
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How energy determines spatial localisation and copy number of molecules in neurons by Cornelius Bergmann, Kanaan Mousaei, Silvio O. Rizzoli, Tatjana Tchumatchenko

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INDUCTION OF ACETYLATION PROCESSES IN ANIMALS WITH SEROTONERGIC NEURON DYSFUNCTION REVERSES THEIR CAPABILITY OF LONG-TERM MEMORY FORMATION by O. V. Vorobiova, L. N. Grinkevich

“…By induction of acetylation processes, we managed to improve memory parameters significantly. Our “Neurodegeneration” model, based on ablation of serotonergic neurons, can be useful in studies of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying long-term memory destruction and screening of compounds crucial for memory formation.…”
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Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide modulates the stress response: the involvement of different brain areas and microglia by Anika Singh, Paul Shim, Sadaf Naeem, Shafiqur Rahman, Kabirullah Lutfy

“…In addition to modulating the stress response, this system may also be connected to its emerging role as neuroprotective against hypoxia, ischemia, and neurodegeneration. This article aims to review the literature regarding the role of PACAP and its receptors in the stress response, the involvement of different brain regions and microglia in PACAP-mediated modulation of the stress response, and the long-term adaptation to stress recognizable clinically as survival with resilience while manifested in anxiety, depression and other neurobehavioral disorders.…”
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Neurophysiology of Drosophila Models of Parkinson’s Disease by Ryan J. H. West, Rebecca Furmston, Charles A. C. Williams, Christopher J. H. Elliott

“…Firstly, Drosophila models are instrumental in exploring the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, with several PD-related mutations eliciting related phenotypes including sensitivity to energy supply and vesicular deformities. …”
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The relationship between deltamethrin-induced behavioral changes and acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish embryos or larvae based on transcriptome by Chunyu Liu, Yantong Guo, Xue Zhang, Hongsong Chen, Maomao Han, Han Wang, Jieyao Niu, Jinfei He, Jingfeng Yang, Wu Dong, Jiangdong Xue

“…The above results suggest that low doses of DM may induce neurodegeneration because DM exposure inhibits acetylcholinesterase, leading to brain cell apoptosis and behavioral changes in the zebrafish embryos or larvae. …”
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Exploring cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of dementia subtypes of individuals with dementia in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Jean Ikanga, Jean Ikanga, Saranya Sundaram Patel, Saranya Sundaram Patel, Megan Schwinne, Caterina Obenauf, Caterina Obenauf, Emmanuel Epenge, Guy Gikelekele, Nathan Tshengele, Immaculee Kavugho, Samuel Mampunza, Lelo Mananga, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Julio C. Rojas, Brandon Chan, Argentina Lario Lago, Joel H. Kramer, Adam L. Boxer, Andreas Jeromin, Emile Omba, Alvaro Alonso, Alden L. Gross

“…Core AD biomarkers (Aβ42/40 and p-tau181) and non-specific neurodegeneration biomarkers (NfL, GFAP) were measured in blood plasma. …”
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Degraded Impairment of Emotion Recognition in Parkinson’s Disease Extends from Negative to Positive Emotions by Chia-Yao Lin, Yi-Min Tien, Jong-Tsun Huang, Chon-Haw Tsai, Li-Chuan Hsu

“…Because of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) show impairment in the recognition of negative facial expressions. …”
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Untethering the Nuclear Envelope and Cytoskeleton: Biologically Distinct Dystonias Arising from a Common Cellular Dysfunction by Nadia A. Atai, Scott D. Ryan, Rashmi Kothary, Xandra O. Breakefield, Flávia C. Nery

“…Most cases of early onset DYT1 dystonia in humans are caused by a GAG deletion in the TOR1A gene leading to loss of a glutamic acid (ΔE) in the torsinA protein, which underlies a movement disorder associated with neuronal dysfunction without apparent neurodegeneration. Mutation/deletion of the gene (Dst) encoding dystonin in mice results in a dystonic movement disorder termed dystonia musculorum, which resembles aspects of dystonia in humans. …”
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PET in neurotherapeutic discovery and development by Melissa Chassé, Neil Vasdev

“…KRASG12C, ATM, ALK2), and neurodegeneration (e.g. amyloid beta plaques, MAPK p38), while exploring the intricacies associated with developing novel radiotracers for CNS targets. …”
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