PML-IRIS during Fingolimod Diagnosed after Natalizumab Discontinuation by J. Killestein, A. Vennegoor, A. E. L. van Golde, R. L. J. H. Bourez, M. L. B. Wijlens, M. P. Wattjes

“…Natalizumab treatment is frequently discontinued and replaced by alternative medication in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients having a high risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). …”
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A proof-of-concept study of extracting patient histories for rare/intractable diseases from social media by Atsuko Yamaguchi, Núria Queralt-Rosinach

“…We selected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis as use cases of rare and intractable diseases, respectively, and we extracted patient histories related to these health conditions from Twitter. …”
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Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases and Animal Models of Autoimmunity by Manfred Kunz, Saleh M. Ibrahim

“…Major contributions were made by experiments using DNA microarray technology, which has been used for the analysis of gene expression patterns in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, among which were rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and type-1 diabetes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, a so-called interferon signature has been identified. …”
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Computer-Aided Design of an Epitope-Based Vaccine against Epstein-Barr Virus by Julio Alonso-Padilla, Esther M. Lafuente, Pedro A. Reche

“…EBV infection is also linked to various cancers, including Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Currently, there are no effective drugs or vaccines to treat or prevent EBV infection. …”
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The real-world safety of Ofatumumab: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system by Yue Zhou, Yutong Wu, Xiao Zhao, Lingxu Xu, Mingguang Sun, Zhaoyou Meng

“…It was approved by the FDA in 2020 for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) in adult patients, and in 2009 for the treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). …”
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Diving into Diagnostic Complexity: A Case Study of Spontaneous Hemothorax by Maryam Sarkhosh, Atiyeh Sadat Sajadi, Omid Moradi Moghaddam, Parisa Moradi Majd

“…A 29-year-old female with multiple sclerosis presented with severe chest symptoms, leading to pleural effusion requiring chest tube insertion. …”
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CD5-Positive Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma-Leg Type by Alexandra Papoudou-Bai, Leonidas Marinos, Amalia Vassou, Eleni Kapsali, Panagiotis Kanavaros

“…A 71-year-old woman with a history of Multiple Sclerosis was admitted because of a nodule at the left thigh. …”
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Inhibitory Effect of Matrine on Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption for the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Su Zhang, Quan-Cheng Kan, Yuming Xu, Guang-Xian Zhang, Lin Zhu

“…Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a primary characteristic of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae Flave, has been recently found to suppress clinical EAE and CNS inflammation. …”
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Historical Pathways for Opioid Addiction, Withdrawal with Traditional and Alternative Treatment Options with Ketamine, Cannabinoids, and Noribogaine: A Narrative Review by Amber N. Edinoff, Natalie W. Wu, Catherine A. Nix, Bryce Bonin, Rama Mouhaffel, Stephen Vining, William Gibson, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye

“…These include, but are not limited to epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain conditions, anxiety disorders, and addiction. …”
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Ligands of CD6: roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer by Mikel Gurrea-Rubio, Feng Lin, Max S. Wicha, Yang Mao-Draayer, David A. Fox

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Microbiome immune system interactions in selected neurological disorder by P. Omosigho, G. Sulaiman, O. Okesanya

“…Neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), have long been thought to affect only the central nervous system. …”
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Unilateral Optic Neuritis: A Rare Complication after Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination in a 30-Year-Old Woman by Chiara De Giacinto, Elvira Guaglione, Pia E. Leon, Rossella D’Aloisio, Odilla Vattovani, Giuseppe Ravalico, Daniele Tognetto

“…In adults, unilateral optic neuritis is usually correlated with multiple sclerosis (MS).…”
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Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases by Nargish Parvin, Sang Woo Joo, Tapas K. Mandal

“…We discuss the underlying mechanisms of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, recent applications in treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, and the design considerations essential for clinical translation. …”
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Deep learning-based prediction of autoimmune diseases by Donghong Yang, Xin Peng, Senlin Zheng, Shenglan Peng

“…In particular, the average area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the AutoY model exceeded 0.93 in the prediction of all the diseases, and the AUC value reached 0.99 in two diseases, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. These results demonstrate the high accuracy, stability, and good generalization ability of the two models, which makes them promising tools in the field of autoimmune disease prediction and provides support for the use of the TCR bank for the noninvasive detection of autoimmune disease non-invasive detection is supported.…”
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Therapeutic targeting of obesity-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by Jialiu Zeng, Jialiu Zeng, Lenny Yi Tong Cheong, Chih Hung Lo, Chih Hung Lo

“…These disruptions impair normal neuronal function and subsequently lead to cognitive decline and motor deficits, similar to the pathologies observed in major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the underlying disease mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to address defects in these inflammatory and metabolic pathways. …”
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Marine Diterpenoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents by Yisett González, Daniel Torres-Mendoza, Gillian E. Jones, Patricia L. Fernandez

“…Inflammation is the cause of several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. The search for agents inhibiting inflammation is a great challenge as the inflammatory response plays an important role in the defense of the host to infections. …”
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MicroRNA-219 in the central nervous system: a potential theranostic approach by Nahal Shamaeizadeh, Mina Mirian

“…MicroRNA-219 is a specific brain-enriched miRNA associated with neurodevelopmental disorders that play crucial roles in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitorcells, promotion of oligodendrocyte maturation, remyelination, and cognitive functions to the extent that it can be considered a potential therapeutic option for demyelination in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury and reverse chronic inflammation pains. …”
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Mechanisms and Emerging Regulators of Neuroinflammation: Exploring New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Disorders by Mi Eun Kim, Jun Sik Lee

“…While acute neuroinflammation plays a protective role by facilitating pathogen clearance and tissue repair, chronic and dysregulated inflammation contributes significantly to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. This review explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, focusing on the roles of microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. …”
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Short-Term Relapse Quantitation as a Fully Surrogate Endpoint for Long-Term Sustained Progression of Disability in RRMS Patients Treated with Natalizumab by Y. C. Wang, A. Sandrock, J. R. Richert, L. Meyerson, X. Miao

“…Time to sustained worsening in the expanded disability status scale as the standard for evaluating the accumulation of disability has been used as a measure of clinical efficacy in many relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) clinical trials. However, this measurement usually requires a large sample and long-term study to demonstrate the treatment effect. …”
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Diagnosis of Exclusion: A Case Report of Probable Glatiramer Acetate-Induced Eosinophilic Myocarditis by Christopher J. Michaud, Heather M. Bockheim, Muhammad Nabeel, Timothy E. Daum

“…Glatiramer acetate, a biologic injection used in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is widely regarded as a safe and effective medication and lists eosinophilia as an infrequent side effect in its package insert. …”
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