Gene Regulatory Network of Human GM-CSF-Secreting T Helper Cells by Szabolcs Éliás, Angelika Schmidt, David Gomez-Cabrero, Jesper Tegnér

“…GM-CSF produced by autoreactive CD4-positive T helper cells is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. However, the molecular regulators that establish and maintain the features of GM-CSF-positive CD4 T cells are unknown. …”
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Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 Cells Are Elevated in the Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Downregulated by IVIg Treatments by Shujuan Li, Tao Jin, Hong-Liang Zhang, Hong Yu, Fanhua Meng, Hernan Concha Quezada, Jie Zhu

“…The plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in GBS and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at the acute phase of relapse were also markedly elevated. …”
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Ocrelizumab-Induced Severe Colitis by Hsing Hwa Lee, Naveen Sritharan, Daniel Bermingham, Gabriela Strey

“…We report a case of severe ocrelizumab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) induced colitis in a 43-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis leading to total colectomy after failing medical therapy. …”
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The Role of Microglia and Matrix Metalloproteinases Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Gliomas by Helen Könnecke, Ingo Bechmann

“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) as well as in the expansion of malignant gliomas because they facilitate penetration of anatomical barriers (such as the glia limitans) and migration within the neuropil. …”
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miRNAs Participate in MS Pathological Processes and Its Therapeutic Response by Ting Wu, Guangjie Chen

“…Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. …”
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Detecting Demyelination by PET: The Lesion as Imaging Target by Pedro Brugarolas PhD, Daniel S. Reich MD, PhD, Brian Popko PhD

“…In Brugarolas et al’s study 1 , we describe the development of the first PET tracer for voltage-gated K + channels based on a clinically approved drug for multiple sclerosis that can be used for imaging demyelination in animal models.…”
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Long-term efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in participants with highly active MS: TOPAZ clinical trial and interim analysis of TREAT-MS real-world study by Tjalf Ziemssen, Ann D. Bass, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Sara Eichau, Stephan Richter, Frank Hoffmann, Nicole M. Armstrong, Magdalena Chirieac, Janete Cunha-Santos, Barry A. Singer

“…Objectives: To examine long-term efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) and highly active disease (HAD) by combining up to 13 years of TOPAZ data and TREAT-MS interim data. …”
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Fenofibrate Inhibited the Differentiation of T Helper 17 Cells In Vitro by Zhou Zhou, Weiliang Sun, Ying Liang, Yanxiang Gao, Wei Kong, Youfei Guan, Juan Feng, Xian Wang

“…Uncontrolled activity of T cells mediates autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. …”
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Parry–Romberg Syndrome with Uhthoff’s Phenomena: A Spectrum of Autoimmune Disease? by Samuel Asanad

“…The present case suggests that PRS may possibly have an autoimmune etiology resembling that of multiple sclerosis.…”
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Role of Microglia in CNS Autoimmunity by Tobias Goldmann, Marco Prinz

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in the Western world. …”
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The Bioactivities of Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina by Yi Li

“…Due to the above biological activities of phycocyanobilin PCB, it is expected to become a new effective drug for treating various diseases, such as COVID-19 complications, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischaemic stroke (IS).…”
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Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Association Between Mitochondrial Proteins and Neurodegenerative Diseases by Fangyuan Wang, Zhou Jing, Qingyi Wang, Minghe Li, Bingqi Lu, Ao Huo, Chenglin Zhao, Huanyu Zhou, Wulong Liang, Weihua Hu, Xudong Fu

“…Conversely, analyses indicated significant associations of neurodegenerative diseases with mitochondrial protein gene variants, notably with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple sclerosis, affecting multiple mitochondrial protein levels. …”
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Cellular Imaging at 1.5 T: Detecting Cells in Neuroinflammation using Active Labeling with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide by Ayman J. Oweida, Elizabeth A. Dunn, Paula J. Foster

“…The ability to visualize cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-known animal model for multiple sclerosis in humans, was investigated using a clinical 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, a custom-built, high-strength gradient coil insert, a 3-D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) imaging sequence and a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent. …”
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The Role of Decorin in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases by Yuanji Dong, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong

“…This review summarizes the characteristics of decorin in immune and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), IgA nephropathy, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and discusses the potential role in these disorders.…”
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Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances by Massimo Costanza

“…Next-generation sequencing of CD4+ T cells isolated from a specific subtype of multiple sclerosis plaque has uncovered an unexpectedly Th2 profile of these cells. …”
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Therapeutic Application of rTMS in Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders by Chrysi Petsani, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Vasileios Siokas, Lambros Messinis, Eleni Peristeri, Christos Bakirtzis, Grigorios Nasios, Efthimios Dardiotis

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Adalimumab Induced or Provoked MS in Patient with Autoimmune Uveitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Rana Alnasser Alsukhni, Ziena Jriekh, Yasmin Aboras

“…A 23-year-old male with autoimmune uveitis and a family history of multiple sclerosis (MS) developed two neurological attacks, after Adalimumab infusion, simultaneously with several cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). …”
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PPAR Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling in CNS Diseases by John J. Bright, Saravanan Kanakasabai, Wanida Chearwae, Sharmistha Chakraborty

“…Specific ligands for PPAR𝛼, 𝛾, and 𝛿 isoforms have proven effective in the animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and trauma/stroke, suggesting their use in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. …”
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Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Action on the Signaling Pathways of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Cognition by Christina Alves Peixoto, Ana Karolina Santana Nunes, Ana Garcia-Osta

“…Mechanistically, PDE5-Is produce an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effect by increasing expression of nitric oxide synthases and accumulation of cGMP and activating protein kinase G (PKG), the signaling pathway of which is thought to play an important role in the development of several neurodiseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this paper was to review present knowledge of the signaling pathways that underlie the use of PDE5-Is in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, learning, and memory.…”
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White Matter Injury in Central Nervous System Disorders by Zheng L, Wang X, Li P, Hao Y, Zhang H, Chen H, Zheng Z

“…In this article, we will briefly describe the structure and function of white matter, summarize the pathological changes of WMI, and focus on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic research advances in WMI after ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis diseases.Keywords: white matter injury, central nervous system, oligodendrocytes, myelin…”
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