Measurement Report: Changes in ammonia emissions since the 18th century in south-eastern Europe inferred from an Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice-core record by M. Legrand, M. Legrand, M. Vorobyev, D. Bokuchava, S. Kutuzov, S. Kutuzov, A. Plach, A. Stohl, A. Khairedinova, V. Mikhalenko, M. Vinogradova, S. Eckhardt, S. Preunkert

“…To document past atmospheric NH<span class="inline-formula">₃</span> pollution in south-eastern Europe, ammonium (NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="310866e2e55ea172cf2d52bb7208ba35"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-25-1385-2025-ie00001.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="acp-25-1385-2025-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) was analysed along an ice core extracted from Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, Russia. The NH<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="aa378b71f34a6c23384fc0eb7c6e7621"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-25-1385-2025-ie00002.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="acp-25-1385-2025-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ice-core record indicates a 3.5-fold increase in concentrations between 1750 and 1990 CE. …”
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