A New Method of Image Steganography Using 7th Bit of a Pixel as Indicator by Introducing the Successive Temporary Pixel in the Gray Scale Image by Kamaldeep Joshi, Swati Gill, Rajkumar Yadav

“…On the basis of the 7th bit of the pixels of an image, a mathematical function is applied at the 7th bit of the pixels, which generates a temporary variable (pixel + 1). …”
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Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment in Schedule-Based Transit Networks with Capacity Constraints by Wangtu Xu, Lixin Miao, Wei-Hua Lin

“…When the capacity constraint of the transit line segment is reached, we show that the Lagrange multipliers of the mathematical programming problem are equivalent to the equilibrium passenger overload delay in the congested transit network. …”
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Properties of Gaussian Beam Propagating in Ring Resonator Sensor by Long Jin, Zhiqiang Yang, Qiang Zhang

“…What is more, we propose a ring resonator sensor to measure the concentration of NaCl solution on the basis of above theory, of which the operating principle is deliberatively analyzed, the influence of the concave mirror curvature radius on the emerging beam evolution is acquired, the functional relation between the normalized central intensity of the emerging beam, the beam spot size, and NaCl solution concentration is further developed by fit linear method, and the mathematical statistics results reach high precision and linearity. …”
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A New Shunt Capacitor-Commutated Converter for Reducing Commutation Failure Probability of HVDC Transmission and Converter Transformer Noise by Hao Zhang, Sijia Hu, Longfu Luo, Jinjie Lin, Liang Zhao, Zhiwen Zhang

“…First, the topology and the mathematical model of the SCCC are established, with its commutation and frequency characteristics analyzed. …”
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Feasibility Study of a Building-Integrated PV Manager to Power a Last-Mile Electric Vehicle Sharing System by Manuel Fuentes, Jesús Fraile-Ardanuy, José L. Risco-Martín, José M. Moya

“…As a case study, an electric bicycle sharing system between a public transportation hub and a work center is modeled mathematically and optimized in order to minimize the number of pickup trips to satisfy the demand, while minimizing the total energy consumption of the system. …”
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Evaluation of the ratcheting behavior of Cr-Mo steel used in CNG tank by Karim Aliakbari, Shahab Kamel Abbasnia, Mahmoud Shariati

“…The novelty of this research is that the hardening coefficients of 25CrMo4 steel were estimated by particular innovative mathematical equations. The effect of amplitude stress and mean stress on the ratcheting behavior of 25CrMo4 steel was investigated numerically. …”
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Dynamics Analysis and Experiment of Novel Compound Dry Separator by Li Hongxi, Zhou Enhui, Zhang Bo, Jiang Haishen, Shen Ling, Yin Zixin

“…The dynamic characteristics and vibration behavior of the NCDS were studied through theoretical modeling, simulation research, and experimental test methods. The mathematical model and simulation model based on ADAMS of the NCDS were established. …”
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Discovering causal models for structural, construction and defense-related engineering phenomena by M.Z. Naser

“…Such models are often referred to as causal models. Unlike those of mathematical, numerical, empirical, or machine learning (ML) nature, causal models hope to tie the cause(s) to the effect(s) pertaining to a phenomenon (i.e., data generating process) through causal principles. …”
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Spatial risk modelling of highly pathogenic avian influenza in France: Fattening duck farm activity matters. by Jean Artois, Timothée Vergne, Lisa Fourtune, Simon Dellicour, Axelle Scoizec, Sophie Le Bouquin, Jean-Luc Guérin, Mathilde C Paul, Claire Guinat

“…Accurate data regarding poultry farm densities and movements is critical for developing accurate mathematical models of HPAI virus spread and for designing effective prevention and control strategies for HPAI. …”
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Analytical model and simulation‐based analysis of a work function engineered triple metal tunnel field‐effect transistor device showing excellent device performance by Ria Bose, Jatindra Nath Roy

“…A simulation‐based study of these TFET devices has been carried out with the help of 2D TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design) Sentaurus device simulator for different channel length values in order to validate our proposed mathematical model. The source side n + pocket in the proposed triple metal (TM) TFET device enhances tunnelling probability thus increasing on current and off current is controlled by another n‐pocket near drain side. …”
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A comparative approach for the optimal design of steel structures using biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) by Laid Amamra, Mohamed Bensoula, Sadek Bahar

“… Structural optimization is one of the key concerns of civil engineering designers, but from a mathematical point of view, this optimization problem is highly complex and complicated due to a large number of non-linear design constraints and the iterative procedure of structural analysis. …”
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National and regional aspects of formation of physical culture and recreation environment in educational institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan by Manurov, Ilgiz M., Kalmanovich, Vladimir L.

“…In our work, we applied such methods as study and comparative analysis of pedagogical and methodological literature; systematic analysis of legal documents; generalization of the experience of pedagogical practice; questionnaires; methods of mathematical statistics and experimental methods. Physical culture and wellness environment of the university has a huge value potential and great opportunities in the field of training organization and education of students, formation of general culture, development of socially significant qualities and personal attitude to health care as a value. …”
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Dynamic Optimization Design of Cranes Based on Human–Crane–Rail System Dynamics and Annoyance Rate by Yunsheng Xin, Gening Xu, Nina Su

“…To improve the comfort of operators, a nine-degree-of-freedom (nine-DOF) mathematical model of a “human–crane–rail” system was constructed. …”
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An Effective Hybrid Self-Adapting Differential Evolution Algorithm for the Joint Replenishment and Location-Inventory Problem in a Three-Level Supply Chain by Lin Wang, Hui Qu, Tao Chen, Fang-Ping Yan

“…However, due to the JR-LIP’s difficult mathematical properties, simple and effective solutions for this NP-hard problem have eluded researchers. …”
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Nonlinear control design of a DC microgrid based on the integral sliding mode controller by Akli Hajar, Abouobaida Hassan, Mchaouar Youssef, Fathelkhair Abdelmoghit, Oualifi Khadija

“…The structure of energy conversion is elaborated by the mathematical model, controlled by a nonlinear technique which is the integral sliding mode control (ISMC). …”
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Power Spectral Density Conversions and Nonlinear Dynamics by Mostafa Rassaian

“…To predict the vibration environment of a payload carried by a ground or air transporter, mathematical models are required from which a transfer function to a prescribed input can be calculated. …”
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Predictive modeling and optimization of tubular distiller operation using response surface methodology under silver nanomaterial infused PCM thickness variations by W.M. Farouk, Ayman Hoballah, Z.M. Omara, Fadl A. Essa

“…This study introduces a novel mathematical model to predict freshwater production and temperature profiles within a tubular solar still (TSS) under varying conditions. …”
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New Method for Calculating the Settlement of Single Pile and Pile Group in Soft Soil Area by Jingjing Xu, Xu Xu, Wenjuan Yao

“…This paper fits the τ-z curve of a single pile by mathematical methods. Based on the one-dimensional similarity of the τ-z curves, the τ-z curves of single pile under different loads are derived. …”
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Study on the Gap Flow Simulation in EDM Small Hole Machining with Ti Alloy by Shengfang Zhang, Wenchao Zhang, Yu Liu, Fujian Ma, Chong Su, Zhihua Sha

“…Based on the solid-liquid two-phase flow equation, the mathematical model on the gap flow field with flushing and self-adaptive disturbation is developed. …”
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Empirical and Experimental Perspectives on Big Data in Recommendation Systems: A Comprehensive Survey by Kamal Taha, Paul D. Yoo, Chan Yeun, Aya Taha

“…Covering a wide range of algorithms, this taxonomy first categorizes algorithms into four main analysis types: user and item similarity based methods, hybrid and combined approaches, deep learning and algorithmic methods, and mathematical modeling methods, with further subdivisions into sub-categories and techniques. …”
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