Historical and projected forest cover changes in the Mount Kenya Ecosystem: Implications for sustainable forest management by Brian Rotich, Abdalrahman Ahmed, Benjamin Kinyili, Harison Kipkulei

“…Explanatory factors of LULC change (slope, aspect, population density, proximity to rivers, roads, and towns) were used to project LULC for 2035 using Cellular Automata and Markov Chain Analysis (CA-MCA).Six LULC types (open forest, closed forest, cropland, bareland, built-up, shrubland and grassland) were successfully classified with accuracies exceeding 82.5% and Kappa coefficients above 0.77. …”
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A novel model-based meta-analysis to indirectly estimate the comparative efficacy of two medications: an example using DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and linagliptin, in treatment o... by Yan Gong, James Rogers, Christian Friedrich, Sanjay Patel, Alexander Staab, Jorge Luiz Gross, Daniel Polhamus, William Gillespie, Brigitta Ursula Monz, Silke Retlich

“…Comparison of two oral dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and linagliptin, for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment was used as an example.Design Systematic review with MBMA.Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane review of DPP-4 inhibitors for T2DM, sitagliptin trials on Food and Drug Administration website to December 2011 and linagliptin data from the manufacturer.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trials, ≥12 weeks’ duration, that analysed sitagliptin or linagliptin efficacies as changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, in adults with T2DM and HbA1c >7%, irrespective of background medication.Model development and application A Bayesian model was fitted (Markov Chain Monte Carlo method). The final model described HbA1c levels as function of time, dose, baseline HbA1c, washout status/duration and ethnicity. …”
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Cancer phylogenetic tree inference at scale from 1000s of single cell genomes by Salehi, Sohrab, Dorri, Fatemeh, Chern, Kevin, Kabeer, Farhia, Rusk, Nicole, Funnell, Tyler, Williams, Marc J., Lai, Daniel, Andronescu, Mirela, Campbell, Kieran R., McPherson, Andrew, Aparicio, Samuel, Roth, Andrew, Shah, Sohrab P., Bouchard-Côté, Alexandre

“…The sitka transformation allows us to design novel scalable Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Moreover, we introduce a novel point mutation calling method that incorporates the CN data and the underlying phylogenetic tree to overcome the low per-cell coverage of scWGS. …”
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PhotoD with LSST: Stellar Photometric Distances Out to the Edge of the Galaxy by Lovro Palaversa, Željko Ivezić, Neven Caplar, Karlo Mrakovčić, Bob Abel, Oleksandra Razim, Filip Matković, Connor Yablonski, Toni Šarić, Tomislav Jurkić, Sandro Campos, Melissa DeLucchi, Derek Jones, Konstantin Malanchev, Alex I. Malz, Sean McGuire, Mario Jurić

“…The computation speed is about 10 ms per star on a single core for both optimized grid search and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods; we show in a companion paper by K. …”
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Subgeometric Ergodicity under Random-Time State-Dependent Drift Conditions by Mokaedi V. Lekgari

“…Motivated by possible applications of Lyapunov techniques in the stability of stochastic networks, subgeometric ergodicity of Markov chains is investigated. In a nutshell, in this study we take a look at f-ergodic general Markov chains, subgeometrically ergodic at rate r, when the random-time Foster-Lyapunov drift conditions on a set of stopping times are satisfied.…”
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The development of mathematical model of process of information system monitoring by N. R. Storozhenko, A. I. Goleva

“…With the help of the Markov chains there is developed a mathematical model that considers the dependence of probability of events on time and describes the process of monitoring the faulty parameters of network equipment. …”
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Presence Service in IMS by David Petras, Ivan Baronak, Erik Chromy

“…This is described by a mathematical model using discrete Markov chains.…”
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Analysis and Design of Networked Control Systems with Random Markovian Delays and Uncertain Transition Probabilities by Li Qiu, Chengxiang Liu, Fengqi Yao, Gang Xu

“…The resulting closed-loop system is modeled as a discrete-time Markovian delays system governed by two Markov chains. Using Lyapunov stability theory, a result is established on the Markovian structure and ensured that the closed-loop system is stochastically stable. …”
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Dynamical Analysis of Dual Product Information Diffusion considering Preference in Complex Networks by Liang’an Huo, Xiaoxiao Xie

“…The dynamic of the model was analyzed by the analysis of Markov chains. According to the Monte Carlo simulation mechanism, the critical threshold of product information was obtained. …”
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Optimal Control for Networked Control Systems with Markovian Packet Losses by Xiao Han, Zhijian Ji, Qingyuan Qi

“…Moreover, the packet loss channels are described with two-state Markov chains. Since the precise state information cannot be obtained, thus an optimal recursive estimator is designed. …”
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Probabilistic Model Checking: One Step Forward in Wireless Sensor Networks Simulation by José A. Mateo, Hermenegilda Macià, M. Carmen Ruiz, Javier Calleja, Fernando Royo

“…The algorithm called 2CS-WSN is specifically designed to be used during the contention phase of IEEE 802.15.4. Discrete time Markov chains (DTMCs) have been proposed as modelling formalism and the well-known probabilistic symbolic model checker PRISM is used to check some correctness properties and different operating modes and, furthermore, to collect some performance measures. …”
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Probabilistic Behavior Analysis of MIMO Fading Channels under Geometric Mean Decomposition by Ping-Heng Kuo, Pang-An Ting

“…By applying these analytical results, the fluctuations of MIMO-GMD schemes are examined by modeling both link gains and capacities using finite-state Markov chains (FSMCs).…”
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Research on Correction Method of Spoken Pronunciation Accuracy of AI Virtual English Reading by Shuli Wang, Xiuchuan Shi

“…Moreover, this paper analyzes the process of speech synthesis with intelligent speech technology, proposes a statistical parametric speech based on hidden Markov chains, and improves the system algorithm to make it an intelligent algorithm that meets the requirements of the correction system of spoken pronunciation accuracy of AI virtual English reading. …”
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Integrative systematics with structural monophyly and ancestral signatures: Chionoloma (Bryophyta) by Richard Zander

“…The methods include second-order morphological Markov chains, Shannon–Turing sequential Bayes statistical support, and multi-node molecular evidence of ancestry. …”
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Methodical Approach to Selecting the Appropriate Distribution for Reliability Analysis: Automotive Application by Bella Naoufal, Salhi Nohaila, Lagrat Ismail

“…As a result, in improving the models used to analyze complex systems behavioral analogies such as Petri nets or Markov chains.…”
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New Method of Sensitivity Computation Based on Markov Models with Its Application for Risk Management by Zheng Gu, Yue Liu, Aijun Yang, Kaodui Li

“…For empirical studies of sensitivity analysis on an NPV (net present value) model, we show the approaches of modeling, especially for parameter estimation of Markov chains given data of company loan states. Applying our newly established integration by parts formula, numerical simulation estimates the variations caused by the capital return rate and multiplier of overdue loan. …”
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Event-Based Time Varying Formation Control for Multiple Quadrotor UAVs with Markovian Switching Topologies by Zhen Zhou, Hongbin Wang, Zhongquan Hu

“…Instead of the general stochastic topology, the graph is governed by a set of Markov chains to the edges, which can recover the traditional Markovian switching topologies in line with the practical communication network. …”
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Discrete coordination nanochains based on photoluminescent dyes reveal intrachain exciton migration dynamics by Ryojun Toyoda, Naoya Fukui, Haru Taniguchi, Hiroki Uratani, Joe Komeda, Yuta Chiba, Hikaru Takaya, Hiroshi Nishihara, Ryota Sakamoto

“…Readily accessible absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements allow the construction of continuous-time Markov chains model, thereby estimating non-trivial exciton migration across the metal center.…”
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Water cycle modelling strengthened by probabilistic integration of field data for groundwater management of a quite unknown tropical volcanic hydrosystem by Dumont, Marc, Plagnes, Valérie, Lachassagne, Patrick, Guérin, Roger, Nugraha, Bayu, Mohamad, Febriwan, Oudin, Ludovic, Fadillah, Arif, Valdès, Danièle, Brocard, Gilles, Bonjour, Jean-Luc, Saadi, Mohamed, Esneu, Anne-Sophie, Muhammad, Aswar, Hendarmawan, Dörfliger, Nathalie

“…The elevation of the recharge area was identified using isotopic analysis of spring water.After designing the hydrological model structure, we carried out a probabilistic parameters exploration using the multiple-try differential evolution adaptive Metropolis algorithm to calibrate aquifer discharge. Multiple Markov chains allow a better exploration of the parameter values. …”
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Throughput model of Wi-Fi cascading based on saturated TCP traffic by Junxiong ZHANG, Jianzhao LIU, Xiaohu GE, Weimin WU

“…At present, the importance and commercial value of wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology have been widely recognized.And people are also pursuing better quality of service (QoS).Transmission control protocol (TCP) as a connection-oriented communication protocol that provides end-to-end reliability services, its importance is also increasing, and it is the dominant transmission protocol in the Internet.Besides, since the coverage of a single access point (AP) is limited, it is often necessary to extend the coverage through cascading in many scenarios.However, the current research on cascading scenarios is based on the user datagram protocol (UDP), which means that only downlink traffic exists in the scenario.Actually, uplink and downlink traffic often exist at the same time in many scenarios, which means TCP traffic is running.How to calculate the TCP throughput obtained by users in the cascading scenario has always been an unresolved problem.To solve this problem, firstly, a Wi-Fi throughput model under the condition of saturated TCP traffic was established in the cascading scenario, and the calculation of user throughput was realized through two Markov chains.Secondly, a cascading system was built and actual tests were conducted.The validity of the model is verified by comparing the theoretical simulation results with the actual test results.…”
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