Antimony Resistance in Leishmania, Focusing on Experimental Research by Fakhri Jeddi, Renaud Piarroux, Charles Mary

“…In this paper, we reviewed the studies carried out on antimonial resistance in Leishmania. Several common limitations of these works are presented before prevalent approaches to evidence antimonial resistance are related. …”
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Inflammatory Nasal Swelling due to Leishmania tropica by Hajiba Fellah, Maryam Hakkour, Bouchra Delouane, Asmae Hmamouch, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Faiza Sebti, Abderrahim Sadak

“…For this, the clinical examination must take into account both exceptional presentations of Leishmania infection, in particular in subjects living or having stayed in an endemic area, in order to ensure appropriate and early treatment.…”
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Leishmania spp. Epidemiology of Canine Leishmaniasis in the Yucatan Peninsula by A. López-Céspedes, S. S. Longoni, C. H. Sauri-Arceo, M. Sánchez-Moreno, R. I. Rodríguez-Vivas, F. J. Escobedo-Ortegón, M. A. Barrera-Pérez, M. E. Bolio-González, C. Marín

“…Canine Leishmaniasis is widespread in various Mexican states, where different species of Leishmania have been isolated from dogs. In the present study, we describe the detection of L. braziliensis, L. infantum, and L. mexicana in serum of dogs from the states of Yucatan and Quintana Roo in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). …”
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Toll-Like Receptors in Leishmania Infections: Guardians or Promoters? by Marilia S. Faria, Flavia C. G. Reis, Ana Paula C. A. Lima

“…Protozoa of the genus Leishmania cause a wide variety of pathologies ranging from self-healing skin lesions to visceral damage, depending on the parasite species. …”
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Development of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis after Leishmania Skin Test by Paulo R. Machado, Augusto M. Carvalho, Gustavo U. Machado, Marina L. Dantas, Sérgio Arruda

“…Because early cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions may have a non-ulcerated appearance, a Leishmania skin test (LST) was performed on the forearm with a strong positive result (38×32 mm). …”
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In Vitro Assessment of Antifungal Caspofungin on Leishmania donovani Culture Isolation by Narayan Raj Bhattarai, Keshav Rai, Suman Rijal, Basudha Khanal

“…Leishmania parasite isolation from the human aspirates is always challenging due to most probability of the fungal contamination and the use of antifungal drug which could support the selective growth of the Leishmania parasite. …”
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Methods of Control of the Leishmania infantum Dog Reservoir: State of the Art by Michele Podaliri Vulpiani, Luigi Iannetti, Daniela Paganico, Filomena Iannino, Nicola Ferri

“…Leishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite causing severe vector-borne visceral diseases both in humans and dogs. …”
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Frequency of Drug Resistance Gene Amplification in Clinical Leishmania Strains by C. Mary, F. Faraut, M. Deniau, J. Dereure, K. Aoun, S. Ranque, R. Piarroux

“…Experimental studies about Leishmania resistance to metal and antifolates have pointed out that gene amplification is one of the main mechanisms of drug detoxification. …”
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In Silico Study of Leishmania donovani α-β Tubulin and Inhibitors by Tamiris M. Assis, Daiana T. Mancini, Teodorico C. Ramalho, Elaine F. F. da Cunha

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Failure of Miltefosine Treatment in Two Dogs with Natural Leishmania infantum Infection by Daniela Proverbio, Eva Spada, Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi, Roberta Perego

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Leishmania mexicana: Novel Insights of Immune Modulation through Amastigote Exosomes by Laura Enedina Soto-Serna, Mariana Diupotex, Jaime Zamora-Chimal, Adriana Ruiz-Remigio, José Delgado-Domínguez, Rocely Buenaventura Cervantes-Sarabia, Adriana Méndez-Bernal, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño, María Magdalena Aguirre-García, Ingeborg Becker

“…Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles of endosomal origin (multivesicular bodies, MVBs) constitutively released by eukaryotic cells by fusion of MVBs to the plasma membrane. The exosomes from Leishmania parasites contain an array of parasite molecules such as virulence factors and survival messengers, capable of modulating the host immune response and thereby favoring the infection of the host. …”
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Interactions between Leishmania braziliensis and Macrophages Are Dependent on the Cytoskeleton and Myosin Va by Elisama Azevedo, Leandro Teixeira Oliveira, Ana Karina Castro Lima, Rodrigo Terra, Patrícia Maria Lourenço Dutra, Verônica P. Salerno

“…Actin, microtubules and the actin-based molecular motor myosin Va were investigated for their involvement in Leishmania braziliensis macrophage interactions. Results showed a decrease in the association index when macrophages were without F-actin or microtubules regardless of the activation state of the macrophage. …”
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Pretreatment with serine protease inhibitors impairs Leishmania amazonensis survival on macrophages by Patrícia de Almeida Machado, Pollyanna Stephanie Gomes, Elaine Soares Coimbra, Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes

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Editorial: Latest findings on Leishmania parasites for better vaccine design and drug development by Negar Seyed, Tahereh Taheri, Farhat Afrin, Hamidreza Majidiani, Hamidreza Majidiani

Subjects: “…Leishmania…”
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Purification and Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Sucrase Enzyme of Leishmania donovani Promastigotes by Arpita Singh, Debjani Mandal

“…The promastigote stage of Leishmania resides in the sand fly gut, enriched with sugar molecules. …”
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Dyarrheal Syndrome in a Patient Co-Infected with Leishmania infantum and Schistosoma mansoni by Gláucia Fernandes Cota, Luciana Inácia Gomes, Bruna Fernandes Pinto, Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Moisés Salgado Pedrosa, Wagner Luiz Tafuri, Ana Rabello

“…The factors determining the control or evolution of the Leishmania infection have not been completely identified. …”
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Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species by Ryan D. Lockard, Mary E. Wilson, Nilda E. Rodríguez

“…Worldwide, an estimated 12 million people are infected with Leishmania spp. and an additional 350 million are at risk of infection. …”
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Calophyllum brasiliense Modulates the Immune Response and Promotes Leishmania amazonensis Intracellular Death by L. Domeneghetti, I. G. Demarchi, J. Z. Caitano, R. B. Pedroso, T. G. V. Silveira, M. V. C. Lonardoni

“…This study showed the leishmanicidal and immunomodulatory effects of a 30 μg/mL of hydroalcoholic extract of C. brasiliense in murine macrophages before and after Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection. The semiquantitative cytokine RNA expression was determined by RT-PCR and the anti-Leishmania activity was measured by infection index (IF). …”
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Analysis of the IGS rRNA Region and Applicability for Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Characterization by Tayná C. de Goes, Rayana C. S. de Morais, Maria G. N. de Melo, Rômulo P. e Silva, Antônio M. Rezende, Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti

“…The specific primer system for L. braziliensis showed S=10 fg, ε=98.08%, and logσ=103 for Leishmania naiffi; logσ=104 for Leishmania guyanensis; and logσ=105 for Leishmania shawi. …”
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Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco by Maryam Hakkour, Asmae Hmamouch, Mohamed Mahmoud El Alem, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Abdelaali Balahbib, Abdelhak EL Khazraji, Hajiba Fellah, Abderrahim Sadak, Faiza Sebti

“…The risk study of the affected foci is of great value for the control and surveillance of this endemic disease, especially in the provinces where Leishmania infantum predominates. Methods. This study concerned nine provinces located in the extreme and central north of Morocco (Taounate, Taza, Chefchaouen, Al Hoceima, Larache, Tétouane, Tanger-Assilah, M’diq-Fnideq, and Fahs-Anjra Provinces). …”
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