TREM2 affects DAM-like cell transformation in the acute phase of TBI in mice by regulating microglial glycolysis by Lin Wang, Diqing Ouyang, Lin Li, Yunchuan Cao, Yingwen Wang, Nina Gu, Zhaosi Zhang, Zhao Li, Shuang Tang, Hui Tang, Yuan Zhang, Xiaochuan Sun, Jin Yan

“…Results DAM-like cells were observed in the acute phase of TBI in mice, and their transformation depended on TREM2 expression. TREM2 knockout impaired neurological recovery in TBI mice, possibly due in part to their role in clearing debris and secreting VEGFa and BDNF. …”
Get full text

Placental Implications of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Gestation and Parturition by Valerie Borel, Denis Gallot, Geoffroy Marceau, Vincent Sapin, Loïc Blanchon

“…This placental involvement has been recently reviewed focusing on the early stages of placental development (implantation and invasion, etc.), mouse PPARs knockout phenotypes, and cytotrophoblast physiology. …”
Get full text

HPK1 kinase inhibitor: a sufficient approach to target HPK1 to modulate T cell activation in cancer immunotherapy compared with degraders by Qin Wang, Xinyi Zhu, Jing Li, Sanjia Xu, Ali Wang, Xinwen Zhang, Xingxing Wang, Xiaopeng Cai, Haimei Xing, Ye Liu, Xuesong Liu, Zhiwei Wang, Lai Wang, Lai Wang, Xi Yuan

“…The activation of HPK1-null cells, HPK1-wildtype cells and HPK1-kinase-inactive cells was compared through ectopic expression of HPK1 in HPK1 knockout cells or direct HPK1 mutation. Besides genetic validation, a series of compounds that selectively target HPK1 (with or without HPK1-degradation activity) were used to assess the potential scaffold function of HPK1 in regulation of human primary T cell activation and cytotoxic activity.Results and conclusionAugmented T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation in HPK1-knockout Jurkat cells was inhibited by complementation of wildtype, but not kinase-dead HPK1. …”
Get full text

Advancing the genetic engineering toolbox by combining AsCas12a knock-in mice with ultra-compact screening by Wei Jin, Yexuan Deng, John E. La Marca, Emily J. Lelliott, Sarah T. Diepstraten, Christina König, Lin Tai, Valentina Snetkova, Kristel M. Dorighi, Luke Hoberecht, Millicent G. Hedditch, Lauren Whelan, Geraldine Healey, Dan Fayle, Kieran Lau, Margaret A. Potts, Moore Z. Chen, Angus P. R. Johnston, Yang Liao, Wei Shi, Andrew J. Kueh, Benjamin Haley, Jean-Philippe Fortin, Marco J. Herold

“…Finally, we demonstrate CRISPR multiplexing via simultaneous gene knockout (via Cas12a) and activation (via dCas9-SAM) using primary T cells and fibroblasts. …”
Get full text

CHOLINE TRANSPORTER-RELATED 4 (CTR4) Is Involved in Drought and Saline Tolerance in Rice by Yu Shicong, Luo Ruxian, Zheng Shuqin, Ning Jing, Shi Yuanzhu, Guo Daiming, Jia Liangmeng, Wang Sen, Xiao Guizong, Guo Pengwang, Li Yang, Ma Xiaoding

“…CTR4 plays a critical role in regulating membrane lipid synthesis. In knockout mutants, the total membrane lipid content, especially unsaturated fatty acids, was significantly reduced. …”
Get full text

PPARs Integrate the Mammalian Clock and Energy Metabolism by Lihong Chen, Guangrui Yang

“…More importantly, recent studies using knockout mice revealed that all PPARs exert given functions in a circadian manner. …”
Get full text

Role of Zinc Signaling in the Regulation of Mast Cell-, Basophil-, and T Cell-Mediated Allergic Responses by Keigo Nishida, Ryota Uchida

“…We and others have demonstrated that zinc signaling plays diverse and specific roles in vivo and in vitro in studies using knockout mice lacking zinc transporter function and metallothionein function. …”
Get full text

Testing some European fish-based assessment systems using Slovenian fish data from the Ecoregion Alps by Gorazd Urbanič, Samo Podgornik

“…The highest R2 was calculated using FIA without the biomass knockout criterion. Possible reasons for the low R2 values including criteria for the hydromorphological alteration classes, fishery management influence and tested fish indices, are discussed. …”
Get full text

Rcor2 Is Required for Somatic Differentiation and Represses Germline Cell Fate by Lijuan Pei, Hongjie Zhang, Meihui Zhang, Yixuan Wang, Ke Wei

“…Rcor2-/- mESC shows reduced proliferation and severely compromised capacity to differentiate to all three germ layers. In contrast, Rcor2 knockout promotes primordial germ cells (PGCs) specific gene expression and possibly PGC formation. …”
Get full text

Genetic Factors in Animal Models of Intestinal Inflammation by R Balfour Sartor

“…Similar differential patterns of intestinal inflammation are apparent in inbred mouse strains challenged with trinitrobenzene-sulphonic acid, Citrobacter freundii or backcrossed with T cell receptor deficient (knockout) mice. The dominant role of genetic background in induction of intestinal inflammation is further documented by spontaneous colitis which develops in spontaneously mutant mice, cotton-top tamarins, human leukocyte antigen-B27/ β2 microglobulin transgenic rats and mice with targeted deletions of certain immunoregulatory cytokine and T lymphocyte genes. …”
Get full text

The ADF/Cofilin-Pathway and Actin Dynamics in Podocyte Injury by Beina Teng, Alexander Lukasz, Mario Schiffer

“…Cofilin knockdown and knockout animal models show dysfunction of glomerular barrier and filtration with foot process effacement and loss of secondary foot processes. …”
Get full text

Defective Slc7a7 transport reduces erythropoietin compromising erythropoiesis by Judith Giroud-Gerbetant, Fernando Sotillo, Gonzalo Hernández, Irene Ruano, David Sebastián, Joana Fort, Mayka Sánchez, Günter Weiss, Neus Prats, Antonio Zorzano, Manuel Palacín, Susanna Bodoy

“…Methods We employed total inducible and cell type-specific Slc7a7 knockout mouse models to determine whether the hematological abnormalities observed in LPI are due to the loss of Slc7a7 function in hematopoietic cells. …”
Get full text

Gene function revealed at the moment of stochastic gene silencing by Shreyan Gupta, James J. Cai

“…Analysis of real data demonstrates that scSGS can reveal regulatory relationships up- and downstream of target genes, circumventing the survivorship bias that often affects gene knockout and perturbation studies. scSGS thus offers an efficient approach for gene function prediction, with significant potential to reduce the use of genetically modified animals in gene function research.…”
Get full text

DYRK1A (Dual-Specificity Tyrosine-Phosphorylated and -Regulated Kinase 1A): A Gene with Dosage Effect During Development and Neurogenesis by M. Dierssen, M. Martínez de Lagrán

“…In Drosophila, disruption of the homolog minibrain gene results in flies with reduced neuroblast proliferation, decreased numbers of central brain neurons, and learning/memory deficits. Knockout DYRK1A mice are embryonic lethal, and heterozygotes show decreased viability and region-specific reductions in brain size. …”
Get full text

SCRAPPER Regulates the Thresholds of Long-Term Potentiation/Depression, the Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal CA3-CA1 Synapses by Hiroshi Takagi, Mitsutoshi Setou, Seiji Ito, Ikuko Yao

“…Compared to wild-type mice, Scrapper-knockout mice exhibited LTDs with smaller magnitudes after induction with low-frequency stimulation and LTPs with larger magnitudes after induction with tetanus stimulation. …”
Get full text

FGF21 as an Endocrine Regulator in Lipid Metabolism: From Molecular Evolution to Physiology and Pathophysiology by Yusuke Murata, Morichika Konishi, Nobuyuki Itoh

“…However, experiments with Fgf21 knockout mice indicate that FGF21 inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes during fasting and attenuates torpor induced by a ketogenic diet but maybe not a physiological regulator for these hepatic functions. …”
Get full text

Hemoglobin: A Nitric-Oxide Dioxygenase by Paul R. Gardner

“…Unraveling the physiological functions of multiple NODs with varying expression in organisms and the complexity of NO as both a poison and signaling molecule remain grand challenges for the NO field. NOD knockout organisms and cells expressing recombinant NODs are helping to advance our understanding of NO actions in microbial infection, plant senescence, cancer, mitochondrial function, iron metabolism, and tissue O2 homeostasis. …”
Get full text

CD4 expression controls epidermal stem cell balance by Nadine Brandes, Heidi Hahn, Anja Uhmann

“…Wound healing studies furthermore show that the progeny of CD4+ epidermal cells accumulates at wound sites. Finally, using CD4 knockout mice we demonstrate that CD4 expression is essential for maintaining fast-cycling epidermal stem cells during homeostasis and that CD4 loss mitigates the age-related decline in wound repair capacity. …”
Get full text

CPEB4 modulates liver cancer progression by translationally regulating hepcidin expression and sensitivity to ferroptosis by M. Eugenia Delgado, Salvador Naranjo-Suarez, Marta Ramírez-Pedraza, Beatriz I. Cárdenas, Carmen Gallardo-Martínez, Alexandra Balvey, Eulalia Belloc, Judit Martín, Mark Boyle, Raúl Méndez, Mercedes Fernandez

“…In mouse models of diet-induced liver cancer (n = 10–15 per group), both systemic and hepatocyte-specific CPEB4 knockout mice exhibited significantly increased tumor burden compared with wild-type controls (p <0.05). …”
Get full text

Telomere Length Is Associated With Adverse Atrial Remodeling in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation by Kabita Pradhan, Balram Neupane, Paul Niehues, Martin Kirschner, Fabian Beier, Chao‐Chung Kuo, Erika Anneliese Hilbold, Christian Bär, Oana‐Maria Thoma, Maximilian Waldner, Margherita Vieri, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Vithurithra Tharmapalan, Wolfgang Wagner, Michael Kleines, Mahdi Emrani, Matthias Daniel Zink, Andreas Napp, Nikolaus Marx, Michael Gramlich

“…Telomerase reverse transcriptase knockout (Tert−/−) and telomerase RNA component knockout (Terc−/−) mice were used to investigate the mechanistic impact of telomere shortening on atrial remodeling. …”
Get full text