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    Surfacing and diving behavior associated with thermal physiology in oceanic habitats of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the western north Pacific Ocean by Yoshinori Aoki, Takashi Kitagawa, Hidetada Kiyofuji

    Published 2025-01-01
    “…We aimed to examine how the thermal physiology of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, SKJ) can explain the differences in their vertical behavior, focusing on surfacing and diving, among various thermal environments during their northward migration in the western North Pacific.MethodsWe analyzed archival tag data collected during 2012–2015, with individual time series (Fork length: 38–49 cm, N = 38) of swimming depth, water temperature, and peritoneal body temperature during northward migration from subtropical areas to temperate regions around Japan. We quantified surfacing and diving behavior as an index of vertical behavior and estimated the whole-body heat transfer coefficient (λ) during the cooling and warming phases associated with diving using body and water temperature records as indicators of thermal physiology.ResultsIn the southern mixed layer areas, SKJ were widely distributed at a depth layer <200 m, whereas they were restricted to the surface in the strong thermocline areas in the north. …”
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