On the Primary Ionization Mechanism(s) in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization by Laura Molin, Roberta Seraglia, Zbigniew Czarnocki, Jan K. Maurin, Franciszek A. Pluciński, Pietro Traldi

“…A mechanism is proposed for the first step of ionization occurring in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, leading to protonated and deprotonated matrix (Ma) molecules ([Ma+H]+ and [Ma-H]- ions). …”
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Development of a Portable Single Photon Ionization-Photoelectron Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer by Yunguang Huang, Jinxu Li, Bin Tang, Liping Zhu, Keyong Hou, Haiyang Li

“…A vacuum ultraviolet lamp based single photon ionization- (SPI-) photoelectron ionization (PEI) portable reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was designed for online monitoring gas samples. …”
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On the structure of ionizing shock waves in magnetofluiddynamics by A. Aghajani, M. Hesaaraki

“…Ionizing shock waves in magnetofluiddynamics occur when the coefficient of electrical conductivity is very small ahead of the shock and very large behind it. …”
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Response in Ambient Low Temperature Plasma Ionization Compared to Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Mass Spectrometry by Andreas Kiontke, Susan Billig, Claudia Birkemeyer

“…Several ionization techniques were developed for this purpose among which electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are two of the most frequently applied atmospheric pressure methods to ionize target compounds from liquid matrices or solutions. …”
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Comparison of Electrospray Ionization and Atmospheric Chemical Ionization Coupled with the Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Cholesteryl Esters by Hae-Rim Lee, Sunil Kochhar, Soon-Mi Shim

“…The approach of two different ionization techniques including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was tested for the analysis of cholesteryl esters (CEs). …”
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Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Anticenter of the Milky Way by Shiming Wen, Wei Zhang, Lin Ma, Yunning Zhao, Man I. Lam, Chaojian Wu, Juanjuan Ren, Jianjun Chen, Yuzhong Wu, Guozhen Hu, Yonghui Hou, Yongheng Zhao, Hong Wu

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Validation of a Portable Ionized Calcium Detection Device and Changes in the Ionized-to-Total-Calcium Ratio in the Blood of Postpartum Holstein Cows by Zhongming Cao, Yan Zhao, Bo Zhang, John P. Kastelic, Mengjie Hu, Jia Cheng, Mingchao Liu, Jian Gao

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Cell stress response to combined ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and magnetic fields: a review based on human buccal epithelium cells by К. А. Кузнецов, Г. М. Онищенко, О. Т. Ніколов

“…Objectives: This paper presents the review and analysis of previously conducted experimental series in comparison with adjacent-aimed works to make a step forward in understanding the role of low doses of ionizing, non-ionizing radiation and magnetic field in the development of cellular effects. …”
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Transparent glass composite for ionizing radiation detection and imaging by Xiaoyun Xu, Xinyi Liu, Xinyue Chen, Huihong Lin

“…Accurate detection of ionizing radiation is a crucial area of research in science and technology. …”
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Electrostatic Particle Ionization for Reduction in Livestock and Potash Dust by Myra Martel, Matthew Taylor, Shelley Kirychuk, Kwangseok Choi, Huiqing Guo, Lifeng Zhang

Subjects: “…electrostatic particle ionization…”
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Resonance Two-Photon Ionization of Diarylethene in the Presence of Cyclodextrin by Michihiro Hara, Makoto Miwa, Tatsuya Takeshita, Shouhei Watanabe

“…These results suggest that useful two-photon ionization occurred for these complexes. The ionization quantum yield of DE was found to increase in aqueous solution after the addition of m-β-CD (50 mM), in which m-β-CD likely controlled the photochromic reactivity of DE.…”
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Influence of coulomb effects on electron dynamics in orthogonally polarized two-color laser fields by Hristina S. Delibašić-Marković, Violeta M. Petrović, Ivan D. Petrović

Subjects: “…Tunneling ionization…”
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In situ dynamic four-dimensional strong-field ionization tomography by Noam Shlomo, Eugene Frumker

“…We present an in situ dynamic four-dimensional (4D=3D space + 1D time) laser induced strong field ionization tomography technique, particularly suited for probing far-from-equilibrium systems, such as supersonic and hypersonic pulsed gas jets. …”
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Magnetic Flux Emergence and Solar Eruptions in Partially Ionized Plasmas by Georgios Chouliaras, V. Archontis

“…We have performed 3D MHD simulations to study the effect of partial ionization in the process of magnetic flux emergence in the Sun. …”
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DFT Study on Adiabatic and Vertical Ionization Potentials of Graphene Sheets by Igor K. Petrushenko

“…Adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials (IPs) of finite-size graphene sheets as a function of size were determined by using density functional theory. …”
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Ionization Efficiency in a Hot Flat Disc-Shaped Cavity by M. Turek

Subjects: “…ionizer…”
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Ionizable polymeric micelles (IPMs) for efficient siRNA delivery by Ziyu Zhou, Yu Feng, Mingzhou Jiang, Zijun Yao, Jing Wang, Feng Pan, Rulan Feng, Chong Zhao, Yinyu Ma, Jinge Zhou, Lei Sun, Xiaotian Sun, Changyou Zhan, Xiao He, Kuan Jiang, Jiahui Yu, Zhiqiang Yan

“…Abstract Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used for nucleic acid delivery but face challenges like limited targeting and accelerated blood clearance (ABC) effect. We design three ionizable oligomers (IOs) that, with polylactide-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG), form a potential siRNA delivery system, named Ionizable Polymeric Micelles (IPMs). …”
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Ionized Plasma Jet Therapy in Removal of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra by Ajay Dodeja, Manjiri Oke, Milind Borkar, Shreyaa Mandawgade, Mallika Thobde

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Cosmic Reionization on Computers: The Evolution of the Ionizing Background and Mean Free Path by Jiawen Fan, Huanqing Chen, Camille Avestruz, Affan Khadir

“…Observations of the end stages of reionization indicate that at z  ≈ 5–6, the ionizing background is not uniform and the mean free path (MFP) changes drastically. …”
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Glycerol Carbonate: A Novel Biosolvent with Strong Ionizing and Dissociating Powers by Guangnan Ou, Biyan He, Xuejing Li, Jianhui Lei

“…The behavior of proteins is strongly dependent on the protonation state of their ionizable groups, which ionization constants are greatly affected by the solvent. …”
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