Inhibition of TLR4 Signalling-Induced Inflammation Attenuates Secondary Injury after Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rats by Yonglin Zhao, Yahui Zhao, Ming Zhang, Junjie Zhao, Xudong Ma, Tingqin Huang, Honggang Pang, Jiaxi Li, Jinning Song

“…The neuroprotective effects of TLR4 inhibition were associated with decreases in the levels of TLR4 downstream signalling molecules and inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α. …”
Get full text

Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies by Rahul Mallick, Sanjay Basak, Premanjali Chowdhury, Prasenjit Bhowmik, Ranjit K. Das, Antara Banerjee, Sujay Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause neuroinflammation, alter brain function, and accelerate disease development. …”
Get full text

Involvement of Toll Like Receptor 2 Signaling in Secondary Injury during Experimental Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rats by Yonglin Zhao, Junjie Zhao, Ming Zhang, Yahui Zhao, Jiaxi Li, Xudong Ma, Tingqin Huang, Honggang Pang, Bo Wang, Jinning Song

“…Intracerebral knockdown of TLR2 significantly downregulated TLR2 expression, attenuated cortical apoptosis, lessened glial response, and reduced the secondary axonal and neuronal injury in the cortex by inhibiting phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) including Erk, JNK, and p38, translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and decreasing levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. On the contrary, administration of TLR2 agonist to DAI rats achieved an opposite effect. …”
Get full text

Scutellarin Attenuates Hypertension-Induced Expression of Brain Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor Kappa B by Xingyong Chen, Xiaogeng Shi, Xu Zhang, Huixin Lei, Simei Long, Huanxing Su, Zhong Pei, Ruxun Huang

“…Immunofluorescence and western immunoblot analyses revealed that hypertension contributed to the activation of TLR4 and NF-κB, accompanied by significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Furthermore, expression of the antiapoptotic protein, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl1), was decreased, and the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and cleavedcaspase-3 p17 were increased in combined cerebral cortical/striatal soluble lysates. …”
Get full text

Ocular Findings in COVID-19 Patients: A Review of Direct Manifestations and Indirect Effects on the Eye by Federica Bertoli, Daniele Veritti, Carla Danese, Francesco Samassa, Valentina Sarao, Nicolò Rassu, Tommaso Gambato, Paolo Lanzetta

“…Ocular side effects have also been reported with other investigational drugs like lopinavir-ritonavir, interferons, and interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 inhibitors. The aim of this review was to summarize ophthalmological implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection to serve as a reference for eye care and other physicians for prompt diagnosis and management.…”
Get full text

Lentinan's effect on gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines in 5-FU-induced mucositis mice by Xiaoxiao Zhang, Liang Wang, Asif Iqbal Khan, Ata Ur Rehman, Kavish Hasnain Khinsar, Yi Xin

“…In addition, we measured the levels of certain inflammatory cytokines (Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10), looked at the expression of tight junction proteins (Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1), Claudin-1), measured mucin-2 levels, and looked into changes in the gut flora. …”
Get full text

Alpha B-crystallin Ameliorates Imbalance of Redox Homeostasis, Inflammation and Apoptosis in an Acute Lung Injury Model with Rats by Seda KOCAK, İbrahim GUNER, Muhittin Onur YAMAN, Tugba EKIZ YILMAZ, Emine Elif GUZEL MEYDANLI, Nermin YELMEN, Gulderen SAHIN

“…Results: The levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, total oxidant status, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa B (NFKβ), caspase-9 (CASP-9), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10 levels in lung tissues, plasma, and BAL fluid (p<0.05 versus control) increased in Aortic IR. …”
Get full text

Quaternized Molecular Brush‐Grafted Injectable Microgel with Anti‐Inflammatory and Drainage Properties for Efficient Therapy of Anal Fistula by Runxian Wang, Pengwei Ma, Siqi He, Xiao Wang, Jinquan Zhang, Junwen Ye, Mingli Su, Xingxing Shi, Ruoxu Dou

“…Owing to the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged quaternized carbon nanotube molecular brush (CNT‐g‐PVBTMA) and the negatively charged inflammatory cytokines, GAA@CNT‐g‐PVBTMA microgel exhibits excellent anti‐inflammatory properties with scavenging rates of 92.6% for tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and 92.5% for interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Rat inflammatory anal fistula model demonstrates that the microgel can effectively reduce inflammation and epithelialization of the fistula, thereby promoting the healing of the anal fistula. …”
Get full text

Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China by Hongliang Chen, Hongliang Chen, Yuan Li, Liping Yuan, Fen Liu, Qian Sun, Qian Sun, Qingkai Luo, Yefei Lei, Yinglan Hou, Jiayan Li, Liang Cai, Shixing Tang

“…A case–control study was conducted using propensity score matching (PSM) to mitigate possible confounding factors.ResultsThe significant differences observed included lymphocyte exhaustion, an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NEU/LYM) ratio, high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and a cytokine storm, characterized by high levels of Th1 proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon type I (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the lung among severe adult COVID-19 patients. …”
Get full text

Effects of Tert-Butylhydroquinone on Intestinal Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice by Wei Jin, Hongbin Ni, Yuxiang Dai, Handong Wang, Tianyu Lu, Jun Wu, Jian Jiang, Weibang Liang

“…Intestinal mucosa apoptosis and inflammatory-related factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), were investigated at 24 h after TBI. …”
Get full text

Effect of a Hemodialysis Session on Markers of Inflammation and Endotoxin by Shyam Dheda, David A Vesey, Carmel Hawley, David W Johnson, Magid Fahim

“…In this study, serum concentrations of endotoxin and inflammatory biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β), ferritin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were measured in 30 adults receiving HD and 10 healthy individuals without kidney disease. …”
Get full text

Prolonged Helium Postconditioning Protocols during Early Reperfusion Do Not Induce Cardioprotection in the Rat Heart In Vivo: Role of Inflammatory Cytokines by Gezina Tanya Mei Ling Oei, Hamid Aslami, Raphaela Priscilla Kerindongo, Renske Johanna Steenstra, Charlotte Jacqueline Peter Beurskens, Anita Maria Tuip-de Boer, Nicole Petra Juffermans, Markus Werner Hollmann, Benedikt Preckel, Nina Claudia Weber

“…Increased protein levels of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC-3) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were found after 30 or 60 min of helium inhalation, in comparison to control. 30 min of helium increased mRNA levels of CINC-3, IL-1β, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in myocardial tissue not directly subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. …”
Get full text

Activated Growth Factor From Platelets as Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Through Antioxidant-Oxidative Stress Pathway by Amin R, Hidayat R, Maritska Z, Putri TW

“…Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). …”
Get full text

Gedunin Mitigates <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>-Induced Skin Inflammation by Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway by Ju Kyoung Sim, Ye Ji Heo, Jin Hak Shin, Seon Sook Kim, Su Ryeon Seo

“…Key inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were evaluated. …”
Get full text

Pirfenidone regulates seizures through the HMGB1/TLR4 axis to improve cognitive functions and modulate oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in PTZ-induced kindling in mice by Mansi Dahalia, Sparsh Gupta, Haya Majid, Divya Vohora, Nidhi

“…Pirfenidone significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor- α, high-mobility group box-1, and toll-like receptor-4, elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid, decreased glutamate levels, modulated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. …”
Get full text

Identification of potential geosmin-binding proteins in grass carp gill based on affinity responsive target stability and tandem mass tag proteomics by Jun-ming Zhang, Huan Han, Bing Fu, Yi-chao Li, Kang Li, Jing-wei Liu, Er-meng Yu, Li-ping Liu

“…Among these, annexin, cathepsin D, and interleukin-1 receptors were highlighted as potential geosmin targets, with annexin demonstrating the highest binding affinity in silico. …”
Get full text

Curdione combined with borneol treats bacterial mixed HPV infection by regulating the crosstalk among immune cells by Jingwei Liu, Jingwei Liu, Tong Shu, Yiheng Mu, Wanlin Zheng, Xiaohuan Lu, Xiaohuan Lu, Hong Tao, Hong Tao

“…Finally, the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of curdione and borneol were confirmed in vivo using an LPS/TC-1 cervical orthotopic injection model.ResultsCurdione and borneol selectively inhibit the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by macrophages. The reduction in IL-6 and IL-1β levels effectively inhibits the expression of CD274 (Programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1) in infected epithelial cells by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby suppressing their immune evasion capabilities. …”
Get full text

Investigating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Nypa fruticans: a multifaceted approach to skin protection and aging by Seul Ki Kim, Sang-Back Kim, Seul Bi Lee, Kang sub Kim, So-Ri Son, En Jin Choi, Byung Chul Park, Eunyoung Hong, You Ah Kim, Byoung Seok Moon, Sullim Lee

“…NF significantly suppressed the production of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), while also reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which were elevated by TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation. …”
Get full text

Selenium-enriched oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) extract exerts anti-inflammatory potential via targeting NF-κB and MAPK pathways in macrophages by Qi Wang, Juqing Huang, Yafeng Zheng, Xuefang Guan, Chenchun Lai, Huiying Gao, Chi-Tang Ho, Bin Lin

“…Moreover, Se-TEs also effectively inhibited the productions of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, Se-TE could block mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways through the inhibition of the phosphorylation of key proteins (IκB-α, p65, p38, ERK, and JNK) and the translocation of the p65 subunit into the nucleus. …”
Get full text

Protective Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Ziwei Lin, Yanlong Zhou, Ruiwen Chen, Qiuyan Tao, Qiwen Lu, Qianchao Xu, Haibin Yu, Ping Jiang, Zhihui Zhao

“…In this study, the results demonstrated that COS protected BMECs from the inflammatory response induced by LPS by restraining the excessive production of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). COS treatment also suppressed excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restored antioxidant enzyme activity under LPS-induced oxidative stress conditions. …”
Get full text