Detection of CRISPR‒Cas and type I R–M systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae of human and animal origins and their relationship to antibiotic resistance and virulence by Xue Li, Ling Wang, Jinghuan Lin, Yingjuan Gu, Zhihua Liu, Jing Hu

“…Here, we find that CRISPR‒Cas and restriction–modification systems, which function as adaptive and innate immune systems in bacteria, have synergistic and opposed effects on virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in K. pneumoniae. …”
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