Interleukin-1 as a Common Denominator from Autoinflammatory to Autoimmune Disorders: Premises, Perils, and Perspectives by Giuseppe Lopalco, Luca Cantarini, Antonio Vitale, Florenzo Iannone, Maria Grazia Anelli, Laura Andreozzi, Giovanni Lapadula, Mauro Galeazzi, Donato Rigante

“…A complex web of dynamic relationships between innate and adaptive immunity is now evident for many autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, the first deriving from abnormal activation of innate immune system without any conventional danger triggers and the latter from self-/non-self-discrimination loss of tolerance, and systemic inflammation. …”
Get full text

NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Jiangyuan Gao, Ruozhou Tom Liu, Sijia Cao, Jing Z. Cui, Aikun Wang, Eleanor To, Joanne A. Matsubara

“…As part of the innate immune system, inflammasome activation has been identified in RPE cells and proposed to be a causal factor for RPE dysfunction and degeneration. …”
Get full text

Cytokine Profile of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Pollen, Mite, and Microbial Allergen Sensitization by Yury A. Tyurin, Svetlana A. Lissovskaya, Rustem S. Fassahov, Ilshat G. Mustafin, Anton F. Shamsutdinov, Marina A. Shilova, Albert A. Rizvanov

“…These cells actively express a group of receptors of the innate immune system. A specific cytokine profile is its representation. …”
Get full text

Transcription factor KLF2 is associated with the dysfunctional status of NK cells and the prognosis of pediatric B-ALL patients by Fang Wu, Huimin Xu, Benshan Zhang

“…BackgroundNatural killer cells, an important component of the innate immune system, can directly recognize and lyse virally infected or transformed cells. …”
Get full text

Post-translational modifications as a key mechanism for herpes simplex virus type I evasion of host innate immunity by Yongxing Zhang, Junlei Xie, Ying Feng, Abdul Qadeer, Shanni Li, Xu Deng, Lipeng Zhu, Bo Kong, Zanxian Xia, Zanxian Xia

“…Throughout its prolonged interaction with the host, HSV-1 evades the innate immune system by encoding its own proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins play crucial roles in their function, activity, and interactions with other factors by modifying specific amino acids, thereby enabling a diverse range of protein functions. …”
Get full text

Requirement of Innate Immunity in Tumor-Bearing Mice Cured by Adoptive Immunotherapy Using Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes by John Ammori, Khaled Hamzeh, Hallie Graor, Julian Kim

“…Culture-activated L-selectinlow TDLNs from BALB/c wild-type mice were able to cure Rag2 deficient but not SCID mice bearing 4T1 subcutaneous tumors, suggesting a requirement of NK cells within the innate immune system of the tumor-bearing host during the antitumor response. …”
Get full text

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Inbred Lines Reveal Candidate Genes for Response to Maize Lethal Necrosis by Ann Murithi, Gayathri Panangipalli, Zhengyu Wen, Michael S. Olsen, Thomas Lübberstedt, Kanwarpal S. Dhugga, Mark Jung

“…Key findings included the identification of components of the plant innate immune system, such as differentially regulated R genes (mainly LRRs), and activation/deactivation of virus resistance pathways, including RNA interference (RNAi) via <i>Argonaute</i> (AGO), <i>Dicer-like proteins</i>, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) via <i>RING/U-box</i> and <i>ubiquitin ligases</i>. …”
Get full text

Toll-like receptors in atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications by Ahmad Vafaeian, Fateme Rajabi, Nima Rezaei

“…Toll-like receptors (TLR), the key players of the innate immune system, contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) through multiple pathways. …”
Get full text

Innate Immune Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis, Marije Oosting, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Reinout Van Crevel

“…Innate immunity plays an important role in the host defense against M. tuberculosis, and the first step in this process is recognition of MTB by cells of the innate immune system. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are involved in the recognition of M. tuberculosis, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). …”
Get full text

Hypothesis on the role of cholesterol crystals in spontaneously ruptured aortic plaques: Potential triggers for inflammation and systemic effects by Chikao Yutani, Hirotaka Noda, Nobuzo Iwa, Sei Komatsu, Satoru Takahashi, Yoshiharu Higuchi, Kazuhisa Kodama

“…The release of CCs from SRAPs can activate the innate immune system and induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, further exacerbating inflammation. …”
Get full text

Malaria Vaccine Development: Are Bacterial Flagellin Fusion Proteins the Bridge between Mouse and Humans? by Daniel Y. Bargieri, Irene S. Soares, Fabio T. M. Costa, Catarina J. Braga, Luis C. S. Ferreira, Mauricio M. Rodrigues

“…Flagellins activate pathways in the innate immune system of both mice and humans. The recent report of the first Phase I clinical trial of a vaccine containing a Salmonella flagellin as carrier/adjuvant may fuel the use of these proteins in vaccine formulations. …”
Get full text

Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonists as Modulators of Innate Immune Cell Function by A. J. Theron, H. C. Steel, G. R. Tintinger, C. M. Gravett, R. Anderson, C. Feldman

“…Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are produced predominantly by cells of the innate immune system, especially basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and monocytes/macrophages. …”
Get full text

Mannose-Binding Lectin Promoter Polymorphisms and Gene Variants in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Cantabria (Northern Spain) by J.-Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals, Lucía Lavín-Alconero, Pablo Sánchez-Velasco, M.-Ángeles Guerrero-Alonso, Fernando Ausín, M.-Carmen Fariñas, Francisco Leyva-Cobián

“…Mannose-binding lectin is a central molecule of the innate immune system. Mannose-binding lectin 2 promoter polymorphisms and structural variants have been associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. …”
Get full text

Lactoferrin: a secret weapon in the war against pathogenic bacteria by Lucero Ruiz-Mazón, Gerardo Ramírez-Rico, Mireya de la Garza

“…A key in this race against the clock could be lactoferrin (Lf), a cationic glycoprotein of the mammalian innate immune system that is highly conserved among mammals. …”
Get full text

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Monocytes Exhibit High Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion, Augmenting Tumor Progression by Carolina Cubillos-Zapata, Enrique Hernández-Jiménez, José Avendaño-Ortiz, Victor Toledano, Anibal Varela-Serrano, Isabel Fernández-Navarro, Raquel Casitas, Carlos Carpio, Luis A. Aguirre, Francisco García-Río, Eduardo López-Collazo

“…Adequate oxygen restoration both in vivo (under continuous positive airway pressure treatment, CPAP) and in vitro leads the monocytes to revert the tumor-promoting phenotype, demonstrating the plasticity of the innate immune system and the oxygen recovery relevance in this context.…”
Get full text

Interleukin-1 signaling and CD4+ T cells control B cell recruitment to the lungs in chronic beryllium disease by Joseph M. Gaballa, Caley Valdez, Douglas G. Mack, Faiz Minhajuddin, Masoom Raza, Tabrez A. Mohammad, Allison K. Martin, Andrew Getahun, Charles A. Dinarello, Andrew P. Fontenot, Shaikh M. Atif

“…Be-exposure causes activation of the innate immune system, resulting in the secretion of interleukins and chemokines that drive the accumulation of B and T cells in the lungs. …”
Get full text

Radiation-induced rescue effect on human breast carcinoma cells is regulated by macrophages by Spoorthy Pathikonda, Li Tian, Clement Manohar Arava, Shuk Han Cheng, Yun Wah Lam

“…This study shows a previously unappreciated role of the innate immune system in RIRE. Depending on polarised phenotypes, macrophages in the tumour microenvironment can interfere with the effectiveness of radiotherapy by adjusting the RIRE magnitudes.…”
Get full text

Untangling the Web of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases by Donato Rigante, Giuseppe Lopalco, Antonio Vitale, Orso Maria Lucherini, Francesco Caso, Caterina De Clemente, Francesco Molinaro, Mario Messina, Luisa Costa, Mariangela Atteno, Franco Laghi-Pasini, Giovanni Lapadula, Mauro Galeazzi, Florenzo Iannone, Luca Cantarini

“…The innate immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs), an enlarging group of disorders caused by dysregulated production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in which autoreactive T-lymphocytes and autoantibodies are indeed absent. …”
Get full text

Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by Katyakyini Muniandy, Sivapragasam Gothai, Khaleel M. H. Badran, S. Suresh Kumar, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Palanisamy Arulselvan

“…Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2); cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit p65 due to the phosphorylation of inhibitory protein, IκBα. …”
Get full text

Proteomic profiling of Labeo rohita intestine infected with Edwardsiella tarda: Unveiling the mucosal defense mechanisms, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal pathways by Nevil Pinto, Mehar Un Nissa, Gowhar Iqbal, Yashwanth BS, Darshan P, Sanjeeva S, Mukunda Goswami

“…The control group mapped to pathways; innate immune system (mhc), carbon metabolism (rgn), and regulation of body fluid levels (fgg). …”
Get full text