Prevalence of Malnutrition in Orally and Tube-Fed Elderly Nursing Home Residents in Germany and Its Relation to Health Complaints and Dietary Intake by Dorothee Volkert, Lioba Pauly, Peter Stehle, Cornel C. Sieber

“…Malnutrition was significantly related to nausea/vomiting, constipation, pressure ulcers, dehydration, infections, antibiotic use, and hospitalisation. Mean daily energy intake was 1535 ± 413 kcal and mean protein intake was 54.2 ± 0.9 g/d irrespective of the nutritional state. …”
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A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial of Recombinant Interferon-Alpha-2a in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C by Masafumi Komatsu, Tsuyoshi Ono, Ko Nakajima, Itaru Toyoshima, Mitsuro Chiba, Osamu Masamune, Shunji Ohkubo, Tsukasa Yoshida, Hitoshi Yagisawa, Kanji Komatsu, Hideki Wakamatsu, Nobuo Yamada, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Mukojima, Mitsuo Goto

“…In both treatment groups, complete responders had significantly lower pretreatment viral titres than nonresponders and were significantly more likely to be infected by type 2a versus type 1b virus.…”
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review by Sumit Sohal, Akhilesh Thakur, Aleena Zia, Mina Sous, Daniela Trelles

“…Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a disorder of coagulation which is commonly seen as a complication of infections, traumas, obstetric diseases, and cancers especially hematological and rarely solid cancers. …”
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Stigma of People with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review by Ngozi C. Mbonu, Bart van den Borne, Nanne K. De Vries

“…Stigma prevents the delivery of effective social and medical care (including taking antiretroviral therapy) and also enhances the number of HIV infections. More qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS stigma including stigma in health care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa are recommended.…”
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Application of a Chairside Anaerobic Culture Test for Endodontic Treatment by Masahiro Yoneda, Seidai Kita, Nao Suzuki, Sonia M. Macedo, Kosaku Iha, Takao Hirofuji

“…Periapical lesions are caused by bacterial infections. The fundamental objective of endodontic treatment is to eliminate bacteria present in the root canal system because they play an important role in the development and maintenance of periapical lesions. …”
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Elastography in Hepatology by Ludovico Abenavoli, Christophe Corpechot, Raoul Poupon

“…Currently, there are only a few studies that have evaluated TE effectiveness in chronic liver diseases, mostly in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus. Further studies are needed in patients with chronic liver disease, to assess the effectiveness of the fibrosis treatment.…”
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Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy: Risk Factors, Clinical Criteria and Diagnosis in Current Literature by Christian Xavier Mata Chango, Nancy Urbin Romo, María Ilusión Solís Sánchez

“…Risk factors that predispose the population to develop a cervical ectopic pregnancy include: a history of cervical surgery, isolated reproductive procedures, placement of intrauterine devices, tobacco use, uterine curettage, and previous cervical infections. Early diagnosis is vital to avoid serious complications and there are clinical criteria to detect this type of pregnancy. …”
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Evaluating the Timeliness of Enteric Disease Surveillance in British Columbia, Canada, 2012-13 by Eleni Galanis, Marsha Taylor, Kamila Romanowski, Olga Bitzikos, Jennifer Jeyes, Craig Nowakowski, Jason Stone, Michelle Murti, Ana Paccagnella, Sara Forsting, Sophie Li, Linda Hoang

“…In 2012 and 2013, information was collected from case report forms and laboratory information systems on 2615 Salmonella, shigatoxin-producing E. coli, Shigella, and Listeria infections. Twelve date variables representing the surveillance process from onset of symptoms to case interview and final laboratory results were collected, and intervals were measured. …”
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Amoebic Liver Abscess and Indigenous Alcoholic Beverages in the Tropics by T. Kumanan, V. Sujanitha, S. Balakumar, N. Sreeharan

“…However, there has emerged an abundance of data that implicates alcohol in a more causal role in facilitating the extraintestinal invasion of the infective protozoan and the subsequent development of ALA. …”
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Association between Cysticercosis and Neoplasia: A Study Based on Autopsy Findings by Camila Lourencini Cavellani, Aline Cristina Souza da Silva, Grace Kelly Naves de Aquino Ribeiro, Lívia Ferreira Oliveira, Mara Lúcia Fonseca Ferraz, Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira

“…Chronic infections including the cysticercosis induce inflammatory cells to produce free radicals and synthesize carcinogenic toxins. …”
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Challenges in Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in 2010 by Cécile L Tremblay, Jean-Guy Baril, David Fletcher, Donald Kilby, Paul MacPherson, Stephen D Shafran, Mark W Tyndall

“…Early treatment can help prevent end-organ damage associated with HIV replication and can decrease infectivity. The mainstay of treatment is either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. …”
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Effects of Bacterial-Fungal Coinfection on Biochemical Parameters and Organ Structure in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) by Alexander Atanasoff, Dimitrinka Zapryanova, Atanas Bozhkov, Çiğdem Ürkü

“…Five infected African catfish (605±45.98 g) from the Experimental Aquaculture Base at Trakia University exhibited abnormal behaviours, including sluggish movements, lethargy, skin haemorrhages, and fin bleeding. …”
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Advances in T Helper 17 Cell Biology: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis by Elisabetta Volpe, Luca Battistini, Giovanna Borsellino

“…The discovery of the T helper (Th) 17 lineage, involved in the protection against fungal and extracellular bacterial infections, has profoundly revolutionized our current understanding of T cell-mediated responses in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). …”
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An Update on the Management of Chronic Hepatitis C: Consensus Guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver by Robert P Myers, Alnoor Ramji, Marc Bilodeau, Stephen Wong, Jordan J Feld

“…It reviews the epidemiology of hepatitis C in Canada, preferred diagnostic testing approaches and recommendations for the treatment of chronically infected patients with the newly approved protease inhibitors (boceprevir and telaprevir), including those who have previously failed pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy. …”
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Modulation of Tumor Immunity by Soluble and Membrane-Bound Molecules at the Immunological Synapse by Pablo A. González, Leandro J. Carreño, Pablo F. Céspedes, Susan M. Bueno, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis

“…This task is accomplished in part by T-cells, which can directly kill infected or tumorigenic cells. A crucial event determining the recognition and elimination of detrimental cells is antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) expressed on the surface of T cells. …”
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Metformin: A Potential Drug for COVID-19 by Anjali Devi Bettadapura Shankara Rao, Sujatha Puttalingaiah, Ananth B Koushik, Jadeppa Gowda

“…Its varied actions on coronavirus infections, by inhibiting virus entry, preventing cytokine storm, boosting immunity by altering the gut microbiota, and decreasing virulence by inducing autophagy makes it an ideal candidate for treating coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). …”
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Exploring AI governance in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: gaps, efforts, and initiatives by Hana Trigui, Fatma Guerfali, Emna Harigua-Souiai, Radwan Qasrawi, Chiraz Atri, Elie Salem Sokhn, Christo El Morr, Karima Hammami, Oussama Souiai, Jianhong Wu, Jude Dzevela Kong, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Sadri Znaidi

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29 m6A-RNA Methylation (Epitranscriptomic) Regulators Are Regulated in 41 Diseases including Atherosclerosis and Tumors Potentially via ROS Regulation – 102 Transcriptomic Dataset... by Ming Liu, Keman Xu, Fatma Saaoud, Ying Shao, Ruijing Zhang, Yifan Lu, Yu Sun, Charles Drummer, Li Li, Sheng Wu, Satya P. Kunapuli, Gerard J. Criner, Jianxin Sun, Huimin Shan, Xiaohua Jiang, Hong Wang, Xiaofeng Yang

“…We performed a database mining on 102 transcriptomic datasets for the expressions of 29 m6A-RNA methylation (epitranscriptomic) regulators (m6A-RMRs) in 41 diseases and cancers and made significant findings: (1) a few m6A-RMRs were upregulated; and most m6A-RMRs were downregulated in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, and trauma; (2) half of 29 m6A-RMRs were downregulated in atherosclerosis; (3) inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis modulated m6A-RMRs more than lupus and psoriasis; (4) some organ failures shared eight upregulated m6A-RMRs; end-stage renal failure (ESRF) downregulated 85% of m6A-RMRs; (5) Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections modulated m6A-RMRs the most among viral infections; (6) proinflammatory oxPAPC modulated m6A-RMRs more than DAMP stimulation including LPS and oxLDL; (7) upregulated m6A-RMRs were more than downregulated m6A-RMRs in cancer types; five types of cancers upregulated ≥10 m6A-RMRs; (8) proinflammatory M1 macrophages upregulated seven m6A-RMRs; (9) 86% of m6A-RMRs were differentially expressed in the six clusters of CD4+Foxp3+ immunosuppressive Treg, and 8 out of 12 Treg signatures regulated m6A-RMRs; (10) immune checkpoint receptors TIM3, TIGIT, PD-L2, and CTLA4 modulated m6A-RMRs, and inhibition of CD40 upregulated m6A-RMRs; (11) cytokines and interferons modulated m6A-RMRs; (12) NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways upregulated more than downregulated m6A-RMRs whereas TP53, PTEN, and APC did the opposite; (13) methionine-homocysteine-methyl cycle enzyme Mthfd1 downregulated more than upregulated m6A-RMRs; (14) m6A writer RBM15 and one m6A eraser FTO, H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1, and DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, regulated m6A-RMRs; and (15) 40 out of 165 ROS regulators were modulated by m6A eraser FTO and two m6A writers METTL3 and WTAP. …”
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Chemical Synthesis, Efficacy, and Safety of Antimalarial Hybrid Drug Comprising of Sarcosine and Aniline Pharmacophores as Scaffolds by Jean Baptiste Niyibizi, Peter G. Kirira, Francis T. Kimani, Fiona Oyatsi, Joseph K. Ng’ang’a

“…Malaria is a disease caused by protozoans transmitted to humans by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. According to the WHO report of 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria with 438,000 deaths worldwide. …”
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Are we serologically prepared against an avian influenza pandemic and could seasonal flu vaccines help us? by Iván Sanz-Muñoz, Javier Sánchez-Martínez, Carla Rodríguez-Crespo, Corina S. Concha-Santos, Marta Hernández, Silvia Rojo-Rello, Marta Domínguez-Gil, Ahmed Mostafa, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Jose M. Eiros, Aitor Nogales

“…Moreover, multiple zoonotic infections in humans have been reported. Importantly, HPAI H5N1 viruses with genetic markers of adaptation to mammals have been detected. …”
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