Role of the Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM) in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) by Purushottam Giri, Venkatesh Karthikeyan

“…Antimicrobial Resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve and no longer respond to antimicrobial treatments, rendering these drugs ineffective. This makes infections increasingly difficult, or even impossible, to treat, thereby raising the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability, and death. …”
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Modulation of Immunoregulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Toll-Like Receptors: Potential Applications on GVHD by Bruno Sangiorgi, Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci

“…In the last decade, the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted a lot of attention, due to their potential applicability in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a condition frequently associated with opportunistic infections. The present review addresses how Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) modulate the immunosuppressive phenotype of human MSCs by signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). …”
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Exploiting CRISPR/Cas system in controlling antibiotic resistance of bacteria by Pourya Gholizadeh, Elnaz Faghfuri, Khudaverdi Ganbarov, Hossein Samadi Kafil

“…We hope exploiting CRISPR/Cas could provide a bright future for the treatment of disastrous infections with resistant and virulent organisms.…”
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Immune Response in H. pylori-Associated Gastritis and Gastric Cancer by Qingbin Niu, Jun Zhu, Xingquan Yu, Tao Feng, Hong Ji, Yuming Li, Weiwei Zhang, Baoguang Hu

“…Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the dominant member of the gastric microbiota and has infected more than half of the human population, of whom 5–15% develop gastric diseases ranging from gastritis and metaplasia to gastric cancer. …”
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Portomesenteric Thrombosis Secondary to Acute Cholecystitis: A Case Report by Haseeb Ahmad Chaudhary, Ibrahim Yusuf Abubeker, Kamran Mushtaq, Khaldun Obeidat, Anand Kartha

“…Common risk factors include intra-abdominal infections, abdominal surgeries, malignancy, cirrhosis, and inherited thrombophilia. …”
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Structural basis for metal ion transport by the human SLC11 proteins DMT1 and NRAMP1 by Márton Liziczai, Ariane Fuchs, Cristina Manatschal, Raimund Dutzler

“…In humans, this protein family contains two paralogs, the ubiquitously expressed DMT1, which is involved in the uptake and distribution of Fe2+ and Mn2+, and NRAMP1, which participates in the resistance against infections and nutrient recycling. Despite previous studies contributing to our mechanistic understanding of the family, the structures of human SLC11 proteins and their relationship to functional properties have remained elusive. …”
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Moringa oleifera Use in Maintaining Oral Health and Its Potential Use in Regenerative Dentistry by Nada E. Shafiq, Anas F. Mahdee

“…This narrative review focuses on the use of Moringa extracts in the management of oral conditions, including oral infections, inflammatory conditions, the remineralization of hard tissues, oral wound healing, and tissue regeneration, drawing from both in vitro and in vivo studies which indicate that the potential of Moringa extracts in supporting dentin-pulp regeneration after caries or trauma is worthy of more careful consideration.…”
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Immunopathology of Postprimary Tuberculosis: Increased T-Regulatory Cells and DEC-205-Positive Foamy Macrophages in Cavitary Lesions by Kerry J. Welsh, Semyon A. Risin, Jeffrey K. Actor, Robert L. Hunter

“…Postprimary tuberculosis occurs in immunocompetent people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is restricted to the lung and accounts for 80% of cases and nearly 100% of transmission. …”
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Pulmonary Contusion Similar to COVID-19 Pneumonia by Seung Hwan Lee, Sung Youl Hyun, Yang Bin Jeon, Jung Nam Lee, Gil Jae Lee

“…It can be transmitted by an infected person or an asymptomatic carrier and is a highly contagious disease. …”
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Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report and Management of Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis by Gulsen Akkoc, Eda Kepenekli Kadayifci, Ayse Karaaslan, Serkan Atici, Nurhayat Yakut, Sevliya Ocal Demir, Ahmet Soysal, Mustafa Bakir

“…Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) usually causes mild, asymptomatic, and self-limited infections in children and adults; however, it may occasionally lead to severe conditions such as neurological diseases, malignant diseases, hepatic failure, and myocarditis. …”
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West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe by Justine Laverdeur, Justine Laverdeur, Hélène Amory, Pablo Beckers, Daniel Desmecht, Frédéric Francis, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Marie-Pierre Hayette, Annick Linden, Gilles Darcis

“…Climate change heavily threatens planetary and human health. Arboviral infections are best studied using the One Health concept, due to their reliance on complex interactions between environmental factors, arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. …”
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Quantitative Evaluation of Bacteria Adherent and in Biofilm on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Coated Surfaces by Fabrizio Pantanella, Francesca Berlutti, Daniele Passeri, Daniela Sordi, Alessandra Frioni, Tiziana Natalizi, Maria Letizia Terranova, Marco Rossi, Piera Valenti

“…Biofilm is a common bacterial lifestyle, and it plays a crucial role in human health, causing biofilm-mediated infections. Recently, to counteract biofilm development, new nano-structured biomaterials have been proposed. …”
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Assessing the Burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Low-Income Communities: Challenges and Solutions by Francesco Branda, Abdisalam Yusuf Ali, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Mattia Albanese, Erica Binetti, Marta Giovanetti, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa

“…Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a group of chronic and debilitating infections that affect more than one billion people, predominantly in low-income communities with limited health infrastructure. …”
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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Otitis Media: Mastoiditis and Meningitis Complicated with Central Venous Thrombosis in an Immunocompetent Child by Erdem Gönüllü, Nesrin Özkan, Ahmet Soysal, Engin Acıoğlu, Emine Betül Tavil, Selin Nar Ötgün, Metin Karaböcüoğlu

“…Implementation of the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) conjugate vaccine brought about a reduction in the number of cases and morbidity from type B but an increase in nontypeable strain infections. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly colonizes children’s upper respiratory tract and causes otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis. …”
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Two ways to one goal: new strategy of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C by S. N. Batskikh

“…New algorithms of antiviral therapy for patients infected by the 1-st virus genotype not treated earlier, and after treatment failure, implicate presence or absence of so-called «induction phase», the kernel of which is application of pegilated interferon-α and ribavirin combination at the beginning of treatment with subsequent addition of the third agent (the direct action antiviral agent). …”
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Leaking Network Devices with Rubber Ducky Attack by Zeynep Rana Donmez, Şeyma Atmaca, Yıldıray YALMAN

“…Unlike traditional electronic attacks, it relies on manipulating individuals to run malware-infected devices or share sensitive information willingly. …”
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ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Potentially Fatal Presentation by Uroosa Ibrahim, Amina Saqib, Maryam Rehan, Jean Paul Atallah

“…Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder that can be familial in etiology or a result of infections, malignancy, and autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. …”
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The effectiveness of dexamethasone as a combination therapy for COVID-19 by Namazi Nader

“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported as a global pandemic in March 2020 after invading many countries and leaving behind tens of thousands of infected patients in a brief time span. Approval of a few vaccines has been obtained and their efficacy of varying degrees established. …”
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A Rapid and Satisfactory Outcome with Combined Immunosuppressive Therapy in Acquired Haemophilia A with Underlying Tuberculosis by G. A. C. Gamakaranage, C. Kulathilake, P. G. N. Nadeeshani, K. H. B. P. Fernandopulle, C. S. Moonesinghe, D. Gunawardena, R. S. Gamage, N. Perera, J. Indrakumar

“…The common underlying diseases are autoimmune disorders, malignancies, infections, and drugs. However, approximately 50% of the cases do not have a specific aetiology and about 10% will not have bleeding manifestations. …”
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Tracheomalacia Treatment Using a Large-Diameter, Custom-Made Airway Stent in a Case with Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome by Cengiz Özdemir, Sinem Nedime Sökücü, Levent Karasulu, Sedat Altın, Levent Dalar

“…In MKS, tracheomegaly is accompanied by difficulty in expelling recurrent lung infections and bronchiectasia. We presented a patient with MKS where commercially made stents were inadequate for stabilization and a custom-made, self-expandable metallic stent with a diameter of 28 mm and length of 100 mm was used. …”
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