Infantile BCG osteomyelitis ultimately diagnosed as a result of trauma by Katsuhiko Tabata, MD, Osamu Miyazaki, MD, Ayako Imai, MD, Reiko Okamoto, MD, Mikiko Miyasaka, MD, Yoshiyuki Tsutsumi, MD, Yoko Anami, MD, Atsuhito Seki, MD, Tatsuki Ikuse, MD, PhD, Toshinao Kawai, MD, PhD, Takashi Ishikawa, MD, PhD, Chizuko Haga, MD, Takako Yoshioka, MD, Shunsuke Nosaka, MD

“…The BCG vaccine is effective in preventing severe tuberculosis infections in infants and young children, and it is commonly administered in Japan to those aged between 5 to 8 months. …”
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An Unusual Association in an Uncommon Disease: Two Cases of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum Associated with Pneumorrhachis by Luís Martins, Patrícia Dionísio, Susana Moreira, Alda Manique, Isabel Correia, Cristina Bárbara

“…Pneumomediastinum, the presence of free air in the mediastinum, is described as spontaneous pneumomediastinum when there is no apparent cause such as trauma, surgery, interventional procedures, or intrathoracic infections. Pneumorrhachis is a rare clinical condition, consisting of intraspinal air. …”
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Subglottic stenosis as a presentation of various rheumatic diseases by Bhavya Chintala, Lalit Duggal, Neeraj Jain, Mayank Gupta

“…Other causes are tracheal infections including bacterial tracheitis, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and diphtheria, and collagen vascular diseases including granulomatosis with polyangiitis, relapsing polychondritis, etc., SGS may be a presenting complaint in rheumatological disorder. …”
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Modeling the intrinsic dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease by Steady Mushayabasa, Drew Posny, Jin Wang

“…Our models incorporate relevant biological and ecological factors, vaccination effects, and seasonal impacts during the complex interaction among susceptible, vaccinated, exposed, infected, carrier, and recovered animals. We conduct both epidemic and endemic analysis, with a focus on the threshold dynamics characterized by the basic reproduction numbers. …”
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Vancomycin-Associated Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis by Makhawadee Pongruangporn, David J. Ritchie, Dongsi Lu, Jonas Marschall

“…Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for treatment of serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or in individuals who have failed, cannot tolerate, or are allergic to other antibiotics. …”
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Pharmaceutical, Pharmacokinetic and Other Considerations for Intravenous to Oral Stepdown Therapy by Peter J Jewesson

“…Parenteral to oral stepdown therapy represents an effective cost containment strategy which can minimize intravenous therapy associated morbidity and may facilitate earlier hospital discharge. Several oral anti-infectives are available to the prescriber and there are as many opportunities to stepdown to the same agent as there are to other drugs of the same class or other classes. …”
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Linezolid and tedizolid adverse effects: a review on serotonin syndrome, myelosuppression, neuropathies, and lactic acidosis by Adam Greenfield, Erin Deja, Kimberly Lee, Sangeeta Sastry, Barry Rittmann

“…Oxazolidinone antibiotics—linezolid and tedizolid—are often used to treat multidrug-resistant infections. They are highly bioavailable and ideal for transition to enteral therapy when appropriate. …”
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Economic Impacts of Alternative Regulatory Scenarios on the Florida Fresh Half-Shell Oyster Industry: A Study of Potential Outcomes by Kimberly L. Morgan, T. J. Stevens, Robert L. Degner, Sherry L. Larkin, Charles M. Adams

“…Larkin, and C.M Adams, summarizes the results of a study to examine the economic impacts of possible closures of the fresh half-shell oyster market for varying time periods with the intention of protecting consumers from Vibrio vulnificus infections. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, June 2010.   …”
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Effectiveness of the Strategies Implemented in Sri Lanka for Controlling the COVID-19 Outbreak by K. K. W. H. Erandi, A. C. Mahasinghe, S. S. N. Perera, S. Jayasinghe

“…Our results indicate that the prevailing control strategies are effective with at least 50% contact rate reduction or with at least 40% isolation of the contact history of infected population.…”
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Economic Impacts of Alternative Regulatory Scenarios on the Florida Fresh Half-Shell Oyster Industry: A Study of Potential Outcomes by Kimberly L. Morgan, T. J. Stevens, Robert L. Degner, Sherry L. Larkin, Charles M. Adams

“…Larkin, and C.M Adams, summarizes the results of a study to examine the economic impacts of possible closures of the fresh half-shell oyster market for varying time periods with the intention of protecting consumers from Vibrio vulnificus infections. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, June 2010.   …”
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Congenital Defects in Neutrophil Dynamics by Marton Keszei, Lisa S. Westerberg

“…They represent 50–70% of the leukocytes in the human blood and their loss by disease or drug side effect causes devastating bacterial infections. Their high turnover rate, their fine-tuned killing machinery, and their arsenal of toxic vesicles leave them particularly vulnerable to various genetic deficiencies. …”
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Common diseases during the neonatal period. Complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, and platelet count results by Nelson Rafael Terry Leonard, Cleopatra Cabrera Cuéllar

“…The complete blood count, the peripheral blood smear, the reticulocyte count and the platelet count in the pathological neonatal period are fundamental tests in the diagnosis and follow-up of some of the most frequent diseases in this phase of life, such as anemia and infections, which can sometimes cause great morbidity and mortality in the newborn. …”
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A Case of Prolonged Cholestatic Hepatitis Induced by Azithromycin in a Young Woman by Caterina Maggioli, Luca Santi, Giacomo Zaccherini, Vittoria Bevilacqua, Francesca Giunchi, Paolo Caraceni

“…Azithromycin, a semisynthetic macrolides, is frequently prescribed for the treatment of middle ear and upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. …”
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Enterococcus Faecalis Endocarditis Following Percutaneous Manipulation of a Biliary Tract Calculus and ERCP by Allan R Ronald, Andrew LS Pattullo

“…The most likely cause of endocarditis, though unproven, is the latter procedure, as the bile is often infected during biliary tract obstruction, and bacteremia is frequent during percutaneous manipulations. …”
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Factors Influencing the Timing of the First HIV Virological Test for HIV Exposed Infants; A Cross Sectional Descriptive Study of HIV Positive Breastfeeding Mothers and their Infant... by Enos Mirembe, Masereka, Edson Musungu, Bwambale, Edson, Katsomyo, Clement, Munguiko

“…Introduction: Although Option-B plus has registered tremendous success in the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, the failure to follow the HIV testing algorithm for HIV Exposed Infants (HEIs) after birth is likely to make achieving zero new HIV infections among children unrealistic. Due to this, we sought to determine the factors affecting uptake of first Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test among HEIs to inform the selection of strategies to strengthen Early Infant…”
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A diagnostic host-specific transcriptome response for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia to guide pediatric patient treatment by Sandra Viz-Lasheras, Alberto Gómez-Carballa, Xabier Bello, Irene Rivero-Calle, Ana Isabel Dacosta, Myrsini Kaforou, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Aubrey J. Cunnington, Marieke Emonts, Jethro A. Herberg, Victoria J. Wright, Enitan D. Carrol, Stephane C. Paulus, Werner Zenz, Daniela S. Kohlfürst, Nina Schweintzger, Michiel Van der Flier, Ronald de Groot, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Philipp Agyeman, Andrew J. Pollard, Colin Fink, Taco T. Kuijpers, Suzanne Anderson, Ulrich Von Both, Marko Pokorn, Dace Zavadska, María Tsolia, Henriëtte A. Moll, Clementien Vermont, Michael Levin, Federico Martinón-Torres, Antonio Salas, On behalf of EUCLIDS, PERFORM, and DIAMONDS consortia

“…Additionally, we demonstrate that existing signatures for broadly distinguishing viral/bacterial infections and viral/bacterial pneumonias are ineffective in distinguishing M. pneumoniae from viral pneumonia. …”
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A Comparison of Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Nonbacteremic Community-Acquired Pneumonia of Any Etiology — Results from a Canadian Multicenter Study by Thomas J Marrie, Donald E Low, Emidio de Carolis, the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Investigators

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Intrinsic p53 activation restricts gammaherpesvirus driven germinal center B cell expansion during latency establishment by Shana M. Owens, Jeffrey M. Sifford, Gang Li, Steven J. Murdock, Eduardo Salinas, Darby Oldenburg, Debopam Ghosh, Jason S. Stumhofer, Intawat Nookaew, Mark Manzano, J. Craig Forrest

“…Abstract Gammaherpesviruses are DNA tumor viruses that establish lifelong latent infections in lymphocytes. For viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and murine gammaherpesvirus 68, this is accomplished through a viral gene-expression program that promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation, especially of germinal center B cells. …”
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Selected Biomarkers Correlate with the Origin and Severity of Sepsis by Michal Holub, Olga Džupová, Michaela Růžková, Alžběta Stráníková, Eva Bartáková, Jan Máca, Jiří Beneš, Heiko Herwald, Ondřej Beran

“…Plasma concentrations of MCP-1, sCD14, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP; n=10) and infective endocarditis (IE; n=11) compared to those with bacterial meningitis (BM; n=18). …”
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Novel method for classification of prion diseases by detecting PrPres signal patterns from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples by Sachiko Koyama, Kaoru Yagita, Hideomi Hamasaki, Hideko Noguchi, Masahiro Shijo, Kosuke Matsuzono, Kei-Ichiro Takase, Keita Kai, Shin-Ichi Aishima, Kyoko Itoh, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Naokazu Sasagasako, Hiroyuki Honda

“…FFPE samples were prepared after formic acid treatment to inactivate infectivity. After deparaffinization, PK digestion was performed, and the protein was extracted. …”
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