Management of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Conventions and Controversies by Natasha Chandok, Gideon M Hirschfield

“…While the pathogenesis of PSC has not been fully elucidated, emerging evidence supports roles for the innate and adaptive immune systems, and genome-wide analyses have identified several genetic associations. …”
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Molecular pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium and advancements in therapeutic interventions by Lu Yilong, Zhang Xiaoning, Guan Zhiyu, Ji Rui, Peng Fujun, Zhao Chunzhen, Gao Wei, Gao Feng

“…This disease poses a particular threat to infants, young children, and those with weakened immune systems. The treatment of cryptosporidiosis is challenging due to the current lack of an effective treatment or vaccine. …”
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Failure to Control Caries in an AIDS-Affected Individual: A Case Report by Karen A. Nedwick-Castro, Alexandre R. Vieira

“…There are particular challenges when treating HIV-positive patients with decreased immune systems, which can also accelerate the progression of periodontal disease. …”
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Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Inflammation by Simon Jäger, Eduard F. Stange, Jan Wehkamp

“…Acute and chronic inflammations of mucosal surfaces are complex events in which the effector mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune systems interact with pathogenic and commensal bacteria. …”
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Adaptive Immune Responses in Primary Cutaneous Sarcoidosis by Matteo Bordignon, Paola Rottoli, Carlo Agostini, Mauro Alaibac

“…The development and progression of specific cutaneous sarcoidosis involves a complex interaction between cells of the adaptive immune systems, notably T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. …”
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Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hair Loss Disease Alopecia Areata by Taisuke Ito

“…This paper reviews the interactions between the endocrine and immune systems and hair follicles in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.…”
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Characteristics of Suppressor Macrophages Induced by Mycobacterial and Protozoal Infections in relation to Alternatively Activated M2 Macrophages by Haruaki Tomioka, Yutaka Tatano, Win Win Maw, Chiaki Sano, Yuichi Kanehiro, Toshiaki Shimizu

“…In the advanced stages of mycobacterial infections, host immune systems tend to change from a Th1-type to Th2-type immune response, resulting in the abrogation of Th1 cell- and macrophage-mediated antimicrobial host protective immunity. …”
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Detection of CRISPR‒Cas and type I R–M systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae of human and animal origins and their relationship to antibiotic resistance and virulence by Xue Li, Ling Wang, Jinghuan Lin, Yingjuan Gu, Zhihua Liu, Jing Hu

“…Here, we find that CRISPR‒Cas and restriction–modification systems, which function as adaptive and innate immune systems in bacteria, have synergistic and opposed effects on virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in K. pneumoniae. …”
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China’s policies: post-COVID-19 challenges for the older population by Xuezhi Wei, Guoqing Han, Quansheng Wang

“…Low vaccination coverage among older people with compromised immune systems, puts them at further risk. The policy shift will increase pressure on already stretched health infrastructure and medical resources. …”
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The Importance of Lung Innate Immunity During Health and Disease by Gusty Rizky Teguh Ryanto, Ratoe Suraya, Tatsuya Nagano

“…Disturbances in lung innate immunity properties and processes, whether over-responsiveness of the process triggered by innate immunity or lack of responses due to dysfunctions in the immune cells that make up the innate immunity system of the lung, could be correlated to various pathological conditions. …”
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Frequently Asked Questions about Vibrio in Florida by Gabby Barbarite, Peter J. McCarthy, Holly Abeels, Anita Wright

“…One type of marine bacteria known as Vibrio sometimes causes infections and seafood sickness in people with weakened immune systems, but Vibrio should not keep Floridians and visitors from enjoying their favorite activities because Vibrio infections are rare and easy to prevent. …”
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Frequently Asked Questions about Vibrio in Florida by Gabby Barbarite, Peter J. McCarthy, Holly Abeels, Anita Wright

“…One type of marine bacteria known as Vibrio sometimes causes infections and seafood sickness in people with weakened immune systems, but Vibrio should not keep Floridians and visitors from enjoying their favorite activities because Vibrio infections are rare and easy to prevent. …”
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Age-Dependent Differences in Systemic and Cell-Autonomous Immunity to L. monocytogenes by Ashley M. Sherrid, Tobias R. Kollmann

“…Host defense against infection can broadly be categorized into systemic immunity and cell-autonomous immunity. Systemic immunity is crucial for all multicellular organisms, increasing in importance with increasing cellular complexity of the host. …”
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Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan Extracted from Brewer’s Yeast for Enhancing Growth Promotion and Immunostimulant Activities on Broilers by Nguyen Thanh Long, Tran Le Truc Ha, Hoang Nghia Son, Le Quang Luan

“…The WSLMG with Mw ~25 kDa showed the highest effect on the growth performance and immunomodulatory capability in the immune systems of the tested broilers. In conclusion, this product demonstrates substantial promise as an immunostimulant and growth-promoting additive for poultry.…”
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Metallothionein-3-mediated intracellular zinc mediates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in the complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain mouse model by Ngoc Buu Tran, Sook-Jeong Lee

“…This study highlights the critical role of MT3 in coordinating the intracellular interaction with Zn2+, which is vital for the immune systems’s protective functions. These interactions are fundamental for maintaining metal ion homeostasis and regulating the synthesis of various biomolecules in the body.…”
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Pertussis Vaccination for Adults: An Updated Guide for Clinicians by Kay Choong See

“…Although traditionally associated with children, pertussis is increasingly prevalent among adults, particularly those with comorbidities or weakened immune systems, where it can lead to severe complications. …”
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Immune Cells and Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy by Zihan Zheng, Feng Zheng

“…Many immune cells play a part in DN, including key members of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. While these cells were classically understood to primarily function against pathogen insult, it has also become increasingly clear that they also serve a major role as internal sensors of damage. …”
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Lutein Suppresses the Maturation and Function of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells by Seulah Choi, Tae Sung Kim, Hui Xuan Lim

“…Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and link the innate and adaptive immune systems. DCs can be directed into fully mature APCs by exposure to bacterial or viral components, resulting in inflammatory situations. …”
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Investigation of virulence factors in resistance and sensitive pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates by Zeinab Waheed kadim, Hala Mouayed Radif

“… The pathogen "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" is extremely hazardous for people with weak immune systems because it has several virulence factors and can resist antibiotics. …”
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A Real-Valued Negative Selection Algorithm Based on Grid for Anomaly Detection by Ruirui Zhang, Tao Li, Xin Xiao

“…Negative selection algorithm is one of the main algorithms of artificial immune systems. However, candidate detectors randomly generated by traditional negative selection algorithms need to conduct self-tolerance with all selves in the training set in order to eliminate the immunological reaction. …”
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