Survey on explainable knowledge graph reasoning methods by Yi XIA, Mingjng LAN, Xiaohui CHEN, Junyong LUO, Gang ZHOU, Peng HE

“…In recent years, deep learning models have achieved remarkable progress in the prediction and classification tasks of artificial intelligence systems.However, most of the current deep learning models are black box, which means it is not conducive to human cognitive reasoning process.Meanwhile, with the continuous breakthroughs of artificial intelligence in the researches and applications, high-performance complex algorithms, models and systems generally lack the transparency and interpretability of decision making.This makes it difficult to apply the technologies in a wide range of fields requiring strict interpretability, such as national defense, medical care and cyber security.Therefore, the interpretability of artificial intelligence should be integrated into these algorithms and systems in the process of knowledge reasoning.By means of carrying out explicit explainable intelligence reasoning based on discrete symbolic representation and combining technologies in different fields, a behavior explanation mechanism can be formed which is an important way for artificial intelligence to realize data perception to intelligence perception.A comprehensive review of explainable knowledge graph reasoning was given.The concepts of explainable artificial intelligence and knowledge reasoning were introduced briefly.The latest research progress of explainable knowledge graph reasoning methods based on the three paradigms of artificial intelligence was introduced.Specifically, the ideas and improvement process of the algorithms in different scenarios of explainable knowledge graph reasoning were explained in detail.Moreover, the future research direction and the prospect of explainable knowledge graph reasoning were discussed.…”
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Mycoketide: A CD1c-Presented Antigen with Important Implications in Mycobacterial Infection by Isamu Matsunaga, Masahiko Sugita

“…It has recently been established that a fraction of the cell wall lipid components of mycobacteria can function as antigens targeted by the acquired immunity of the host. Human group 1 CD1 molecules (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c) bind a pool of lipid antigens expressed by mycobacteria and present them to specific T cells, thereby mediating an effective pathway for host defense against tuberculosis. …”
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Flt3 Regulation in the Mononuclear Phagocyte System Promotes Ocular Neovascularization by Yushuo Gao, Yisheng Zhong, Yanji Zhu, Anna M. Demetriades, Yujuan Cai, Jikui Shen, Qing Lu, Xi Shen, Bing Xie

“…It has been implicated in mice and humans for potential multilineage differentiation. …”
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Ability of fabric face mask materials to filter ultrafine particles at coughing velocity by James Ward, P John Clarkson, Eugenia O'Kelly, Sophia Pirog

“…Objective We examined the ability of fabrics which might be used to create home-made face masks to filter out ultrafine (0.02–0.1 µm) particles at the velocity of adult human coughing.Methods Twenty commonly available fabrics and materials were evaluated for their ability to reduce air concentrations of ultrafine particles at coughing face velocities. …”
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UV Index for Public Health Awareness Based on OMI/NASA Satellite Data at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia by Abdullah Addas, Mahmoud Ragab, Ahmad Maghrabi, S. M. Abo-Dahab, Eman F. El-Nobi

“…The ultraviolet index (UVI) is used to help avoid the negative effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on humans and to optimize individual exposure. There is limited ground measurement of solar UV radiation, but satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMIs) satellite products with a spatial resolution of 1°×1° can be used to create UV index climatology at local noon time. …”
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Pantoea agglomerans Bacteremia: Is It Dangerous? by Ikwinder Preet Kaur, Sindhura Inkollu, Amulya Prakash, Haresh Gandhi, Mohsin Sheraz Mughal, Doantrang Du

“…Pantoea agglomerans is a bacteria associated with plants; however, it can infect humans and vertebrate animals. The outcome seems favourable with the institution of appropriate antibiotics even in immunocompromised patients.…”
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Relationship between economic development, forest resources, and forest fires: European context by Olena Dobrovolska, Knut Schmidtke, Viktoriia Hnatushenko, Svitlana Sytnyk, Iryna Dmytriieva

“…Conservation of forest resources is a prerequisite for sustainable development of human society, both in the context of preventing negative climate change and for economic growth. …”
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IgG expressed by renal tubular epithelial cells in epithelial mesenchymal transformation and interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by Xinyao Wang, Zhenling Deng, Yue Wang

“…High glucose induced an over expression of IgG in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and knockdown of IgG with siRNA relieved the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen IV, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 under high glucose conditions. …”
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TRENDS IN CHILD MARRIAGE IN AKURE METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA by Justina Olufunke, Gbemisola Hannah ADEOBA

“…The study concludes that the imposition of a marriage partner on under-aged daughters and girls who are in no way ready for married life, and who early-marriage can deprive of freedom, opportunities for personal development, and other human rights including health and well-being, education, and participation in civic life, appears to nullify the goals of the child’s core protections guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. …”
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A Survey on the Understanding and Viewpoints of Renewable Energy among South African School Students by Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim, Sogo Mayokun Abolarin, Temiloluwa Olatunji Scott, Chidebe Stanley Anyanwu

“… Renewable energy has become an essential component for the survival of human beings. This is because conventional energy supply is limited, nearing its limits, and or destroying our environment. …”
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Study of Atmospheric Pollutants Concentration Correlation with Meteorological Quantities in Bandar Abbas by Marziyeh Sisipoor, Mehdi Rahnama, Saviz Sehat Kashani, Noshin Khodam, faezeh noori, Sajad Qahramani

“…Air pollution and its pollutants affect human health and the environment. Knowing the factors contributing to air pollution is crucial in mitigating its impacts on industrial cities. …”
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Renal Transplantation in Secondary Amyloidosis Associated with Tuberculosis by Vivek B. Kute, Aruna V. Vanikar, Himanshu V. Patel, Manoj R. Gumber, Pankaj R. Shah, Pranjal R. Modi, Hargovind L. Trivedi

“…She was transplanted with kidney from her 28-year-old brother with 3/6 human leukocyte antigen match. She had immediate good graft function without any perioperative complications (cardiovascular, infections, rejection and delayed graft function). …”
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Survey of optical-based physical domain adversarial attacks and defense by CHEN Jinyin, ZHAO Xiaoming, ZHENG Haibin, GUO Haifeng

“…Deep learning models are misled into making false predictions by adversarial attacks that implant tiny perturbations into the original input, which are imperceptible to the human eye. This poses a huge security threat to computer vision systems that are based on deep learning. …”
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Self-preserving behavior in the student environment as a way to cope with bad habits by Svetlana A. Tyaglova, Anton A. Ryabykh

“…Medicine has proved that bad habits as a risk factor for various infectious diseases and deterioration of all body systems functionality result in reducing the quality and duration of human life. Scientists agree that in order to solve the problem of adopting bad habits by young people there should be an integrated approach combining the regularity of preventive measures and the united intention of all participants in the educational process. …”
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Activation of Glycine and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Taurine on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis by Thi Thanh Hoang Nguyen, Janardhan Prasad Bhattarai, Soo Joung Park, Seong Kyu Han

“…Taurine, one of the most plentiful free amino-acids in humans, has proved to be involved in pain modulation. …”
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Neuromorphic Vision Data Coding: Classifying and Reviewing the Literature by Catarina Brites, Joao Ascenso

“…In recent years, visual sensors have been quickly improving towards mimicking the visual information acquisition process of human brain by responding to illumination changes as they occur in time rather than at fixed time intervals. …”
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Genomic Variability among Field Isolates and Laboratory-Adapted Strains of Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo by Alejandro Llanes, Carlos Mario Restrepo, Pablo Riesgo-Ferreiro, Sreekumari Rajeev

“…Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo colonizes cattle kidneys and may occasionally infect humans and other mammals. Strains belonging to two clonal subtypes (types A and B) with marked differences in their pathogenicity in the hamster experimental model have been described for this serovar. …”
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HAVCR1 Affects the MEK/ERK Pathway in Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Influences Tumor Progression and Patient Outcome by Ji Xue, Ying Li, Jianfeng Yi, Hong Jiang

“…Especially, HAVCR1 overexpression promotes the development and progression of several human cancers. Hence, we aimed to detect the effects of HAVCR1 on gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). …”
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Interleukin-12p35 Deficiency Reverses the Th1/Th2 Imbalance, Aggravates the Th17/Treg Imbalance, and Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice by Ying Huang, Haiying Hu, Ling Liu, Jing Ye, Zhen Wang, Bin Que, Wenjing Liu, Ying Shi, Tao Zeng, Lei Shi, Qingwei Ji, Chao Chang, Yingzhong Lin

“…Previous studies demonstrated that both recombinant mice and human IL-35 attenuated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. …”
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Explainable AI-Based Approach for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Detection via Fundus Imaging by Ainhoa Osa-Sanchez, Hossam Magdy Balaha, Ali Mahmoud, Ashraf Sewelam, Mohammed Ghazal, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain, Ayman El-Baz

“…This work helps clinicians interpret AMD cases and supports decision-making revealing hidden features of AMD that are not visible to the human eye. Future research will focus on improving these systems by expanding the databases in aggregate and incorporating multimodal data.…”
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