Developmental trends in corpus callosum thickness among preschool children by Boyang Mao, Hong Wang, Hongxi Zhang, Xueliang Shang, Zhi Yang

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Effects of noise and metabolic cost on cortical task representations by Jake Patrick Stroud, Michal Wojcik, Kristopher Torp Jensen, Makoto Kusunoki, Mikiko Kadohisa, Mark J Buckley, John Duncan, Mark G Stokes, Mate Lengyel

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α-Synuclein fibrils enhance HIV-1 infection of human T cells, macrophages and microglia by Lia-Raluca Olari, Sichen Liu, Franziska Arnold, Julia Kühlwein, Marta Gil Miró, Ajeet Rijal Updahaya, Christina Stürzel, Dietmar Rudolf Thal, Paul Walther, Konstantin M. J. Sparrer, Karin M. Danzer, Jan Münch, Frank Kirchhoff

“…The enhancing effects of human brain extracts on HIV-1 infection correlated with their binding to Thioflavin T, a dye commonly used to stain amyloids. …”
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Phase-Amplitude Coupling of Neural Oscillations Can Be Effectively Probed with Concurrent TMS-EEG by Sarah Glim, Yuka O. Okazaki, Yumi Nakagawa, Yuji Mizuno, Takashi Hanakawa, Keiichi Kitajo

“…As oscillations in the human brain are known to interact within nested hierarchies via phase-amplitude coupling, TMS might also be able to increase the macroscopic detectability of such coupling. …”
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Is human-like decision making explainable? Towards an explainable artificial intelligence for autonomous vehicles by Jiming Xie, Yan Zhang, Yaqin Qin, Bijun Wang, Shuai Dong, Ke Li, Yulan Xia

“…Based on the parallelism in the complex neural network of human brain, we construct a Width Human-like neural network (WNN) model for personalized cognitive and human-like driving intention decision making. …”
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Neuroplastic Effects of Combined Computerized Physical and Cognitive Training in Elderly Individuals at Risk for Dementia: An eLORETA Controlled Study on Resting States by Charis Styliadis, Panagiotis Kartsidis, Evangelos Paraskevopoulos, Andreas A. Ioannides, Panagiotis D. Bamidis

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Navigating Ethical Dilemmas Of Generative AI In Medical Writing by Qurrat Ulain Hamdan, Waleed Umar, Mahnoor Hasan

“…AI is a field of computer science which deals with the development of programs or computational models that are inspired by the human brain’s ability to learn and adapt.1 Perhaps the most prominent advancement AI contributes is generative AI, which has led to the development of robotic “human-like” tools that can generate text, audio, images, and even video with a simple prompt. …”
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Brain-wide activation involved in 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder by Jie Wang, Qing Xue, Wenfeng Zhao, Huang Wang, Haixia Leng, Mao Peng, Xiukun Jin, Liucen Tan, Keming Gao, Hongxing Wang, Baoquan Min

“…Background Although 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has a therapeutic effect on depression, the activations of brain structures in humans accounting for this tACS configuration remain largely unknown.Aims To investigate which intracranial brain structures are engaged in the tACS at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA, delivered via the forehead and the mastoid electrodes in the human brain.Methods Actual human head models were built using the magnetic resonance imagings of eight outpatient volunteers with drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder and then used to perform the electric field distributions with SimNIBS software.Results The electric field distributions of the sagittal, coronal and axial planes showed that the bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral temporal lobes, hippocampus, cingulate, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, cerebellum and brainstem were visibly stimulated by the 15 mA tACS procedure.Conclusions Brain-wide activation, including the cortex, subcortical structures, cerebellum and brainstem, is involved in the 15 mA tACS intervention for first-episode major depressive disorder. …”
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Model-agnostic neural mean field with a data-driven transfer function by Alex Spaeth, David Haussler, Mircea Teodorescu

“…Empirical data is increasingly available from ex vivo human brain organoids and surgical samples, as well as in vivo animal models, so the problem of modeling the behavior of large-scale neuronal systems is more relevant than ever. …”
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ATP Induces Disruption of Tight Junction Proteins via IL-1 Beta-Dependent MMP-9 Activation of Human Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro by Fuxing Yang, Kai Zhao, Xiufeng Zhang, Jun Zhang, Bainan Xu

“…A contact coculture system using human astrocytes and hCMEC/D3, an immortalized human brain endothelial cell line, was used to mimic BBB in vitro. …”
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A network-based systems genetics framework identifies pathobiology and drug repurposing in Parkinson’s disease by Lijun Dou, Zhenxing Xu, Jielin Xu, Chengxi Zang, Chang Su, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Fei Wang, Xiongwei Zhu, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng

“…We then prioritized 175 PD likely risk genes (pdRGs), such as SNCA, CTSB, LRRK2, DGKQ, and CD44, which are enriched in druggable targets and differentially expressed genes across multiple human brain-specific cell types. Integrating network proximity-based drug repurposing and patient electronic health record (EHR) data observations, we identified Simvastatin as being significantly associated with reduced incidence of PD (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.91 for fall outcome, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–0.94; HR = 0.88 for dementia outcome, 95% CI: 0.86–0.89) after adjusting for 267 covariates. …”
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Short-Term Restriction of Physical and Social Activities Effects on Brain Structure and Connectivity by Yajuan Zhang, Lianghu Guo, Zhuoyang Gu, Qing Yang, Siyan Han, Han Zhang

“…Our findings offer insights into the effects of isolation on the human brain, potentially informing rehabilitation mechanisms and interventions for individuals in similar conditions.…”
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A Review on Deep Learning for Quality of Life Assessment Through the Use of Wearable Data by Vasileios Skaramagkas, Ioannis Kyprakis, Georgia S. Karanasiou, Dimitris I. Fotiadis, Manolis Tsiknakis

“…To address these challenges, DL, a branch of machine learning inspired by the human brain, has emerged as a promising tool. DL models can analyze vast and complex datasets, including patient-reported outcomes, medical images, and physiological signals, enabling a deeper understanding of factors influencing an individual's QoL. …”
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Design of an Improved Method for Visual Rendering in the Metaverse Using CIEM and MSRANet by Janapati Venkata Krishna, Priyanka Singh, Regonda Nagaraju, Setti Vidya Sagar Appaji, Attuluri Uday Kiran, K. Spandana

“…Finally, BEER, standing for Bioinspired Energy-Efficient Rendering, borrows from the energy-efficient way of visual processing in the human brain through a spiking neural network that reduces energy consumption by 35% without image quality degradation. …”
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Cortical tracking of hierarchical rhythms orchestrates the multisensory processing of biological motion by Li Shen, Shuo Li, Yuhao Tian, Ying Wang, Yi Jiang

“…When observing others’ behaviors, we continuously integrate their movements with the corresponding sounds to enhance perception and develop adaptive responses. However, how the human brain integrates these complex audiovisual cues based on their natural temporal correspondence remains unclear. …”
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Instationary metabolic flux analysis reveals that NPC1 inhibition increases glycolysis and decreases mitochondrial metabolism in brain microvascular endothelial cells by Bilal Moiz, Matthew Walls, Viviana Alpizar Vargas, Anirudh Addepalli, Callie Weber, Andrew Li, Ganesh Sriram, Alisa Morss Clyne

“…We corroborated these findings in primary BMEC, an alternative in vitro human brain endothelial model. Finally, we found that co-treatment with hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin (HPβCD) partially restored metabolic phenotype in U18666A-treated BMECs, suggesting that this drug may have therapeutic effects on the brain endothelium in NP-C. …”
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Induced and Evoked Properties of Vibrotactile Adaptation in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex by Nicolaas A. J. Puts, Richard A. E. Edden, Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, Krish D. Singh, David J. McGonigle

“…Our findings are important in understanding the neurophysiology underlying short-term and stimulus-induced plasticity in the human brain and shows that the brain response to tactile stimulation is altered after only brief stimulation.…”
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CalciumZero: a toolbox for fluorescence calcium imaging on iPSC derived brain organoids by Xiaofu He, Yian Wang, Yutong Gao, Xuchen Wang, Zhixiong Sun, Huixiang Zhu, Kam W. Leong, Bin Xu

“…Accessing human brain tissue to study neuron activities has historically been challenging due to ethical concerns. …”
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Multi-study fMRI outlooks on subcortical BOLD responses in the stop-signal paradigm by Scott Isherwood, Sarah A Kemp, Steven Miletić, Niek Stevenson, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Birte Forstmann

“…This study investigates the functional network underlying response inhibition in the human brain, particularly the role of the basal ganglia in successful action cancellation. …”
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Association of cortical macrostructural and microstructural changes with cognitive performance and gene expression in subcortical ischemic vascular disease patients with cognitive... by Jing Huang, Runtian Cheng, Xiaoshuang Liu, Li Chen, Tianyou Luo

“…Moreover, the associations between the significant neuroimaging values and the cognitive scores and gene expression values from Allen Human Brain Atlas database were evaluated using partial least squares regression and partial correlation analysis. …”
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