Artificial Intelligence in Science and Society: The Vision of USERN by Tommaso Dorigo, Gary D. Brown, Carlo Casonato, Artemi Cerda, Joseph Ciarrochi, Mauro da Lio, Nicole D'Souza, Nicolas R. Gauger, Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann, Robert Johansson, Marcus Liwicki, Fabien Lotte, Juan J. Nieto, Giulia Olivato, Peter Parnes, George Perry, Alice Plebe, Idupulapati M. Rao, Nima Rezaei, Fredrik Sandin, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, Giorgio Vallortigara, Pietro Vischia, Niloufar Yazdanpanah

“…The Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), an organization that promotes initiatives to support interdisciplinary science and education across borders and actively works to improve science policy, collects here the vision of its Advisory Board members, together with a selection of AI experts, to summarize how we see developments in this exciting technology impacting science and society in the foreseeable future. …”
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A lipidated peptide derived from the C-terminal tail of the vasopressin 2 receptor shows promise as a new β-arrestin inhibitor by Rebecca L. Brouillette, Christine E. Mona, Michael Desgagné, Malihe Hassanzedeh, Émile Breault, Frédérique Lussier, Karine Belleville, Jean-Michel Longpré, Michel Grandbois, Pierre-Luc Boudreault, Élie Besserer-Offroy, Philippe Sarret

“…As the V2R sequence has been shown to bind β-arrestins with high affinity, we added an N-terminal palmitate residue to allow membrane tethering and cell entry. Here, using BRET2-based biosensors, we demonstrated the ability of ARIP to inhibit agonist-induced β-arrestin recruitment on a series of 7TMRs that includes both stable and transient β-arrestin binders, with efficiencies that depend on receptor type. …”
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Diel changes in the expression of a marker gene and candidate genes for intracellular amorphous CaCO3 biomineralization in Microcystis by Bruley, Apolline, Gaëtan, Juliette, Gugger, Muriel, Pancrace, Claire, Millet, Maxime, Gaschignard, Geoffroy, Dezi, Manuela, Humbert, Jean-François, Leloup, Julie, Skouri-Panet, Fériel, Callebaut, Isabelle, Benzerara, Karim, Duprat, Elodie

“…However, the function of the calcyanin protein encoded by ccyA remains unknown. Here, based on an RNA-Seq approach, we assess the expression of the ccyA gene in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 during a 24 h day/night cycle. …”
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Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis by Maria Marta Figueiredo, Anna R. R. dos Santos, Lara C. Godoi, Natália S. de Castro, Bruno C. de Andrade, Sarah A. R. Sergio, Selma M. B. Jerônimo, Edward J. de Oliveira, Ruth T. Valencia-Portillo, Lucilândia M. Bezerra, Hiro Goto, Maria C. A. Sanchez, Caroline Junqueira, Santuza M. R. Teixeira, Flávio G. da Fonseca, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Ana Paula Fernandes

“…Although several VL serological diagnosis advances have been accomplished lately, mainly using recombinant antigens and immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), improvements may still be achieved using multiepitope chimeric proteins in different test platforms. Here, we reported on the evaluation of ELISA and an ICT developed with a new chimeric protein, named DTL-4, based on repetitive antigenic sequences, including those present in the A2 protein. …”
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Multiple Episodes of Remote Brightenings Driven by a Coronal Extreme-ultraviolet Jet on the Sun by Chao Zhang, Zhenghua Huang, Hengyuan Wei, Youqian Qi, Mijie Shi, Hui Fu, Xiuhui Zuo, Weixin Liu, Mingzhe Sun, Ming Xiong, Lidong Xia

“…Remote brightening (RB) is compact brightening at footpoints of magnetic loops, which are remotely connecting to and confining an eruption in the solar atmosphere. Here, we report on observations of an RB resulting from an EUV jet with a speed of about 90 km s ^−1 . …”
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Longitudinal Dependence of Heavy Ion Composition in the 2021 October 28 Ground Level Enhancement Event by C. M. S. Cohen, G. M. Mason, E. R. Christian, A. C. Cummings, G. A. de Nolfo, M. I. Desai, J. Giacalone, M. E. Hill, A. W. Labrador, R. A. Leske, D. J. McComas, R. L. McNutt Jr, D. G. Mitchell, J. G. Mitchell, G. D. Muro, J. S. Rankin, N. A. Schwadron, M. M. Shen, M. E. Wiedenbeck, Z. G. Xu, G. C. Ho, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingrüber

“…A number of papers have examined the solar signatures, neutron monitor observations, and the characteristics of the SEP protons and electrons for this event. Here we describe the heavy ion signatures, specifically O and Fe, observed by multiple spacecraft. …”
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Crystal structure and elastic properties of parabreyite: a new high-pressure ring silicate in the CaSiO₃ system by B. Chrappan Soldavini, M. Merlini, M. Gemmi, P. Parlanti, P. Fumagalli, S. Milani, B. Joseph, G. Bais, M. Polentarutti, A. Kurnosov, S. Poli

“…The new high-pressure polymorph, here referred to as parabreyite, features threefold tetrahedral rings, with a different configuration compared to breyite. …”
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Cortical thickness correlated with peripheral inflammatory cytokines in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by Jing Yang, Jing Yang, Jing Yang, Wenyi Li, Wenyi Li, Wenyi Li, Mei Tian, Mei Tian, Mei Tian, Lei Zhang, Fengping Du, Fengping Du, Fengping Du, Xin Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Qi Liu, Qi Liu, Qi Liu, Rui Li, Rui Li, Rui Li, Zhenzhong Li, Zhenzhong Li, Zhenzhong Li, Hui Dong, Hui Dong, Hui Dong, Yaling Liu, Yaling Liu, Yaling Liu

“…However, the effects of inflammatory cytokines on cortical thickness in patients with ALS are unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and cortical thickness in patients with ALS.MethodsWe evaluated 51 patients with ALS for inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-17, and IFN-γ and analyzed the correlation between these indicators and the ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R) score or disease progression rate (ΔFS score). …”
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gga-miR-6634-5p Affects the proliferation and steroid hormone secretion of chicken (Gallus Gallus) granulosa cells by targeting MMP16 by Yixiang Tian, Xing Wu, Zihao Zhang, Yijie Li, Meng Hou, Ruirui Jiang, Donghua Li, Yanhua Zhang, Yulong Guo, Guoxi Li, Xiaojun Liu, Xiangtao Kang, Yadong Tian, Wenting Li, Yuetao Li

“…However, research on the role of miRNAs in the ovulation process of chicken ovaries is still insufficient compared to that in mammals. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of gga-miR-6634-5p in the growth and steroid hormone secretion of chicken granulosa cells (GCs) by targeting MMP16. …”
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Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages by PKM2 promotes IL-10 production via adenosine by Juliana Escher Toller-Kawahisa, Paula Ramos Viacava, Eva Margareta Palsson-McDermott, Daniele Carvalho Nascimento, Mariana Patricia Cervantes-Silva, Shane Myles O'Carroll, Alessia Zotta, Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno, Gabriel Azevedo Públio, Pedro Forti, João Paulo Mesquita Luiz, Bruno Marcel Silva de Melo, Timna Varela Martins, Vitor Marcel Faça, Annie Curtis, Thiago Mattar Cunha, Fernando de Queiroz Cunha, Luke Anthony John O'Neill, José Carlos Alves-Filho

“…The tetramerization of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) induces the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in vivo, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that PKM2 activation with the pharmacological agent TEPP-46 increases IL-10 production in LPS-activated macrophages by metabolic reprogramming, leading to the production and release of ATP from glycolysis. …”
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Comparison of air-liquid interface transwell and airway organoid models for human respiratory virus infection studies by Camilla T. Ekanger, Camilla T. Ekanger, Camilla T. Ekanger, Nilima Dinesh Kumar, Rosanne W. Koutstaal, Fan Zhou, Martin Beukema, Joanna Waldock, Simon P. Jochems, Noa Mulder, Cécile A. C. M. van Els, Cécile A. C. M. van Els, Othmar G. Engelhardt, Nathalie Mantel, Kevin P. Buno, Karl Albert Brokstad, Karl Albert Brokstad, Agnete S. T. Engelsen, Agnete S. T. Engelsen, Rebecca J. Cox, Rebecca J. Cox, Barbro N. Melgert, Barbro N. Melgert, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Puck B. van Kasteren

“…Our collaborative efforts to harmonize infection experiments and compare ALI transwell and airway organoid models described here aid in advancing our understanding and improving the standardization of these complex in vitro respiratory models for future studies.…”
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Enhanced motivated behavior mediated by pharmacological targeting of the FGF14/Nav1.6 complex in nucleus accumbens neurons by Nolan M. Dvorak, Paul A. Wadsworth, Guillermo Aquino-Miranda, Pingyuan Wang, Douglas S. Engelke, Jingheng Zhou, Nghi Nguyen, Aditya K. Singh, Giuseppe Aceto, Zahra Haghighijoo, Isabella I. Smith, Nana Goode, Mingxiang Zhou, Yosef Avchalumov, Evan P. Troendle, Cynthia M. Tapia, Haiying Chen, Reid T. Powell, Timothy J. Baumgartner, Jully Singh, Leandra Koff, Jessica Di Re, Ann E. Wadsworth, Mate Marosi, Marc R. Azar, Kristina Elias, Paul Lehmann, Yorkiris M. Mármol Contreras, Poonam Shah, Hector Gutierrez, Thomas A. Green, Martin B. Ulmschneider, Marcello D’Ascenzo, Clifford Stephan, Guohong Cui, Fabricio H. Do Monte, Jia Zhou, Fernanda Laezza

“…The fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14)/voltage-gated Na+ channel 1.6 (Nav1.6) complex regulates excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central hub of reward circuitry that controls motivated behaviors. Here, we identified compound 1028 (IUPAC: ethyl 3-(2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamido)benzoate), a brain-permeable small molecule that targets FGF14R117, a critical residue located within a druggable pocket at the FGF14/Nav1.6 PPI interface. …”
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Genomic insights into the specialisation and selection of the Jinding duck by H. Chen, Y. Huang, J. Xue, K. luo, H. Tang, S. Zheng, Y. Xiong, Y. Wu, J. Li, R. Xuan, R. Xiong, Y. Gong, X. Fang, L. Wang, J. Miao, J. Zhou, H. Tan, Y. Wang, L. Wu, J. Ouyang, Y. Shen, X. Yan

“…Duck domestication plays a significant role in poultry production globally, meeting the growing demand for eggs and meat in various regions. Here, we focus on the Jinding Duck (JDD), a breed renowned for its prolific egg-laying traits. …”
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IL-2-armored peptide-major histocompatibility class I bispecific antibodies redirect antiviral effector memory CD8+ T cells to induce potent anti-cancer cytotoxic activity with lim... by John S. Schardt, Even Walseng, Kim Le, Chunning Yang, Pooja Shah, Ying Fu, Kausar Alam, Cathryn R. Kelton, Yu Gu, Fengying Huang, Jia Lin, Wenhai Liu, Andrew Dippel, Hanzhi Zhang, Kathy Mulgrew, Stacy Pryts, Vijaykumar Chennupati, Hung-Chang Chen, Jessica Denham, Xiaoru Chen, Pallab Pradhan, Yuling Wu, Colin Hardman, Chihao Zhao, Michael Kierny, Yang Song, Simon J. Dovedi, Saso Cemerski, Yariv Mazor

“…To mitigate this potential limitation, we report here the generation of a pMHC-IgG derivative known as guided-pMHC-staging (GPS) carrying a covalent fusion of a monovalent interleukin-2 (IL-2) mutein (H16A, F42A). …”
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Hypoxia-driven mobilization of altruistic cancer stem cells in platinum-treated head and neck cancer by Lekhika Pathak, Lekhika Pathak, Lekhika Pathak, Bidisha Pal, Bidisha Pal, Joyeeta Talukdar, Partha Jyoti Saikia, Sorra Sandhya, Wale Tasabehji, Wale Tasabehji, Hong Li, Jyotirmoy Phukan, Jyotirmoy Phukan, Anjan Bhuyan, Sanjukta Patra, Bikul Das, Bikul Das, Bikul Das, Bikul Das, Bikul Das

“…We termed these TSD+ CSCs “altruistic cancer stem cells” (A-CSCs). Here we investigated the potential role of tumor hypoxia in the mobilization of TSD+ CSCs to the circulation as a part of niche defense against platinum therapy.MethodsWe isolated CTCs and primary tumor cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing platinum therapy (n = 14). …”
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β-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for distinguishing human prion diseases from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease by Bing Xu, Kang Xiao, Xiaoxi Jia, Rundong Cao, Donglin Liang, Ruhan A, Weiwei Zhang, Chunjie Li, Liping Gao, Cao Chen, Qi Shi, Xiaoping Dong

“…ROC curve analysis identified satisfied performance for distinguishing from AD + PD, with high AUC values in sCJD (0.7640), T188K-gCJD (0.8489), E200K-gCJD (0.8548), P102L-GSS (0.7689) and D178N-FFI (0.7210), respectively. Conclusion Our data here indicate that CSF β-syn is a potential biomarker for distinguishing PrDs (gCJD, sCJD and GSS) from AD and PD, but is much less efficient from VE and AE. …”
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Assessing alcohol industry penetration and government safeguards: the International Alcohol Control Study by Sarah Callinan, Gopalkrishna Gururaj, Shiwei Liu, Sally Casswell, Thomas Karlsson, Jintana Jankhotkaew, Surasak Chaiyasong, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Gillian Shorter, Timothy Naimi, Ingeborg Rossow, Keitseope Nthomang, June Yue Yan Leung, Mindaugas Štelemėkas, Mom Kong, Khem Karki, Steve Randerson, Lathika Athauda, Arvind Banavaram, Orfhlaith Campbell, Song Dearak, Emeka W Dumbili, Laura Romero-García, Romtawan Kalapat, Norman Danilo Maldonado Vargas, Juan Felipe Gonzalez-Mejía, Opeyemi Oladunni, Kwame Owino, Juan Camilo Herrera Palacio, Phasith Phatchana, Vanlounny Sibounheuang, Dao The Son, Kate Vallance, Wim van Dalen, Ashley Wettlaufer, Arianne Zamora

“…Systematic assessment of alcohol industry penetration and government safeguards is also lacking. Here, we aimed to identify the nature and extent of industry penetration in a cross-section of jurisdictions. …”
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Identification and validation of a novel autoantibody biomarker panel for differential diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by Metoboroghene O. Mowoe, Metoboroghene O. Mowoe, Hisham Allam, Joshua Nqada, Marc Bernon, Karan Gandhi, Sean Burmeister, Urda Kotze, Miriam Kahn, Christo Kloppers, Suba Dharshanan, Zafirah Azween, Pamela Maimela, Paul Townsend, Eduard Jonas, Jonathan M. Blackburn, Jonathan M. Blackburn

“…Autoantibodies (AAbs) in principle make attractive biomarkers as they arise early in disease, report on disease-associated perturbations in cellular proteomes, and are static in response to other common stimuli, yet are measurable in the periphery, potentially well in advance of the onset of clinical symptoms.MethodsHere, we used high-throughput, custom cancer antigen microarrays to identify a clinically relevant autoantibody biomarker combination able to differentially detect PDAC. …”
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Comparative functional analysis of a new CDR1-like ABC transporter gene in multidrug resistance and virulence between Magnaporthe oryzae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by Jing Wang, Chenwen Xiao, Shuang Liang, Muhammad Noman, Yingying Cai, Zhen Zhang, Xueming Zhu, Rongyao Chai, Haiping Qiu, Zhongna Hao, Yanli Wang, Jiaoyu Wang, Guolian Bao, Guochang Sun, Fucheng Lin

“…However, the roles of ABC proteins in animal pathogenic fungi, and the functional connections between ABC homologues in plant and animal pathogenic fungi are largely obscure. Here, we identified a new ABCG-1 gene, MoCDR1, in rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. …”
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Longitudinal immunogenicity cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines across individuals with different immunocompromising conditions: heterogeneity in the immune response and cruci... by Annalisa Ciabattini, Elena Pettini, Fabio Fiorino, Jacopo Polvere, Simone Lucchesi, Chiara Coppola, Simone Costagli, Gabiria Pastore, Anna Sicuranza, Monica Tozzi, Arianna Lippi, Francesca Panza, Monica Bocchia, Alessandro Bucalossi, Guido Garosi, David Bennett, Sonia Bernazzali, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Francesca Montagnani, Donata Medaglini

“…Summary: Background: Individuals with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, being more susceptible to infections, are a priority for vaccination. Here, we determined and compared in a longitudinal study the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination across different groups of individuals who are immunocompromised. …”
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