Al confine tra ufficialità e underground. Forme di istituzionalizzazione della ‘seconda cultura’ sovietica by Alice Bravin

“… From the second half of the 1970s, some organizations of unofficial and independent artists and writers were created in the Soviet Union, which were officially recognized by Soviet authorities: in 1976 in the Moscow City Committee of Graphic Artists a section of painting was set up that united non-formal artists who exhibited their works in the halls in Malaia Gruzinskaia street; in 1981 in Leningrad the literary club “Klub-81” was created, a unique organization of unsanctioned writers under the direct control of the KGB; in 1985 an alternative literary association, the “Klub Poeziia”, was also founded in Moscow. …”
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