Polarization-Rotator-Free Polarization-Diversity 4 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 4 Si-Wire Optical Switch by K. Suzuki, K. Tanizawa, S.-H. Kim, S. Suda, G. Cong, K. Ikeda, S. Namiki, H. Kawashima

“…We present a polarization-diversity 4 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 4 optical switch composed of silicon-wire waveguides. …”
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An Improved Three-Component Decomposition Method for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi$</tex-math></inline-formula>/4 Mode Compact PolInSAR Using Refined Volume Scattering Models by Yu Wang, Weidong Yu, Daqing Ge, Bin Liu, Chunle Wang, Ling Zhang, Man Li

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A V-Band Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Voltage Combination and Balance Compensation Marchand Balun by Dong Chen, Chenxi Zhao, Zhengdong Jiang, Kam Man Shum, Quan Xue, Kai Kang

“…The core circuit only costs 0.195 mm² chip area as no <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/4 transmission lines.…”
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Role of elevation feedbacks and ice sheet–climate interactions on future Greenland ice sheet melt by T. Feenstra, M. Vizcaino, B. Wouters, M. Petrini, M. Petrini, R. Sellevold, K. Thayer-Calder

“…To this end, we compare two idealized multi-century simulations with a non-evolving and evolving ice sheet topography in which we apply an annual 1 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> increase in <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> concentrations, starting from pre-industrial (PI) until stabilization at <span class="inline-formula">4×</span>PI <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> concentrations (<span class="inline-formula">4×</span><span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span>). …”
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Acumulação de nitrogênio e carbono no solo pela adubação orgânica e mineral contínua na cultura do milho Nitrogen and carbon accumulation in soil through continuous organic and min... by Celsemy E. Maia, Reinaldo B. Cantarutti

“…Estudou-se a produção de milho em função das doses de 0 e 40 m³ ha-1 ano-1 de composto orgânico (palhada de soja e feijão com esterco bovino), combinadas com 0, 250 e 500 kg ha-1 ano-1 da fórmula 4-14-8 aplicados no plantio, e 0, 100 e 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 de sulfato de amônio em cobertura. …”
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CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MORPHOLOGY OF PLECTROHYLA MYKTER (ANURA: HYLIDAE), WITH COMMENTS ON SOME CONTROVERSIAL CHARACTERS AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF THIS SPECIES by MOISES KAPLAN, PETER HEIMES, JOHN MCCORMACK

“…The tadpole of this species is unique among Plectrohyla by having labial tooth row formula 4(4)/6. We found that tarsal fold, thoracic fold, and rostral keel are present in P. mykter but not evident in adults, and that the skin thickness is intermediate in comparison to other species of Plectrohyla. …”
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Disponibilidade de nitrogênio pela oxidação do carbono lábil com permanganato de potássio Availability of nitrogen by the oxidation of the labile carbon with potassium permanganate... by Celsemy E. Maia, Reinaldo B. Cantarutti

“…O solo utilizado foi proveniente de um experimento com milho em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, cultivado com milho desde 1984, cuja produtividade vem sendo avaliada em função das doses de 0 e 40 m³ ha-1 ano-1 de composto orgânico (palha de soja e feijão com esterco bovino) combinadas com 0, 250 e 500 kg ha-1 ano-1 da fórmula 4-14-8 aplicados no plantio, e 0, 100 e 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 de sulfato de amônio em cobertura. …”
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A Multi-Agent Centralized Strategy Gradient Reinforcement Learning Algorithm Based on State Transition by Lei Sheng, Honghui Chen, Xiliang Chen

“…Notably, in four simulated environments named Ant-v2 (2 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 4), Ant-v2 (2 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 4d), Ant-v2 (4 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 2), and Manyant (2 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 3), the algorithm demonstrates performance improvements of approximately 1.9%, 4.8%, 11.9%, and 36.1%, respectively, compared to the best baseline algorithm. …”
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TANGGUNGGUGAT NOTARIS SELAKU PEJABAT UMUM DALAM PEMBUATAN PERJANJIAN KREDIT PERBANKAN by Adwin Tista

“…Untuk memperoleh keyakinan tersebut, sebelum memberikan kredit bank harus melakukan penilaian yang seksama, penilaian suatu bank untuk memberikan persetujuan terhadap suatu permohonan kredit dilakukan dengan berpedoman kepada formula 4 P yaitu Personality, Purpose, Prospect dan Payment kemudian formula 5 C yaitu Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition of economy. …”
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Design of an Ultra Compact 180-Degree Ring Coupler With Harmonic Suppression Using Composite Lines for Modern RF Systems by Saeed Roshani, Farid Zubir, Mohsen Karimi, Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary, Maher Assaad, Fawwaz Hazzazi, Noorlindawaty Md Jizat, Sobhan Roshani

“…The traditional 180-degree ring coupler has six long <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/4 branches. In the proposed coupler, six compact proposed branches are applied instead of these six long <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/4 branches, resulting in size reduction and harmonic suppression. …”
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The European summer heatwave of 2019 – a regional storyline perspective by T. Klimiuk, P. Ludwig, A. Sanchez-Benitez, H. F. Goessling, P. Braesicke, P. Braesicke, J. G. Pinto

“…Our simulations indicate a general linear dependence of the 2 m temperature response on global-warming levels: during the July 2019 heatwave, warming rates ranged between factors of 2 and 3 in central Europe, resulting in anthropogenic warming of 8 to 12 °C in the <span class="inline-formula">+4</span> K climate. The spatial extent and duration of the heatwave are also amplified in the warmer climates. …”
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Determining the depth and upwelling speed of the equatorial Ekman layer from surface drifter trajectories by N. Paldor, Y. De-Leon

“…The analysis is carried out for drifters launched within 1° of the Equator that reached a final latitude of <span class="inline-formula">3</span>, <span class="inline-formula">4</span>, or <span class="inline-formula">5<i>°</i></span> north or south of the Equator while also remaining in one hemisphere throughout their entire travel time. …”
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Studies on fungus dregs cultivating Tricholoma lobayense Heim by YAN Jing, ZHOU Zu-fa, YUAN Wei-dong, WANG Wei-ke, LU Na, SONG Ji-ling

“…Among all the formulas, formula 4 (containing 40% fungus dregs) yielded the highest growth rate of 0.280 cm·d^-1 and biological conversion rate of 97.85%, and with zero contamination. …”
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Validity and reliability of archery sport arm muscle endurance training program based on body weight training by betrix, Doni Pranata, Galih Dewanti, Putri Famelia, Zhanneta Kozina

“…This study was divided into four stages: (1) qualitatively analyzing e-books, textbooks, and related articles, (2) evaluating programs using the Delphi technique, which involves experts rating questionnaires on a scale of 1 to 5 until a consensus is obtained, (3) content validity testing using the CVR formula, (4) reliability testing using Cronbach alpha and ICC. …”
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Potential ectoparasiticide for dog and cat fleas, a combination of Ficus minahassae extract and latex from Carica papaya L. by Dina Victoria Rombot, Yermia Semuel Mokosuli

“…The best LD50 for C. felis was in the F1 formula (4.003 mg/l), while in C. canis it was shown in the F3 (3.733 mg/l). …”
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High-Performance Dielectric Modulated Epitaxial Tunnel Layer Tunnel FET for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules by Kunal Aggarwal, Avinash Lahgere

“…In addition, the proposed DM ETL-TFET biosensor shows <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>4 orders, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>1 order higher ON-state current sensitivity than the past reported core-shell junctionless NT-TFET, and DM NT-TFET biosensors, respectively. …”
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Performance-Improved Broadcast-and-Select Optical Switch Module Based on EAM-Gate Array by Y. Muranaka, T. Segawa, Y. Ogiso, T. Fujii, R. Takahashi

“…A 4 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 4 B&#x0026;S optical switch module has been fabricated with these improvements and has successfully exhibited low insertion loss (&#x003C; 15.3 dB), little variation in insertion loss, a fast switching time (&#x003C; 8 ns), low power consumption (&#x003C; 3 W), and a high extinction ratio (&#x223C;50 dB).…”
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EEG-Based Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Safety-Oriented Global Path Planning in Dynamic Environments by Hao Zhu, Jialin Wang, Rui Gao

“…Experimental validation in an 8 × 8 FrozenLake-v1 environment demonstrates that EIRL reduces average path risk values by 50% compared with traditional reinforcement learning, achieving expert-level safety (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>Δ</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 4) while maintaining optimal path lengths. …”
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Large-Scale and Simple-Configuration Optical Switch Enabled by Asymmetric-Port-Count Subswitches by Koh Ueda, Yojiro Mori, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Ken-ichi Sato, Toshio Watanabe

“…To confirm feasibility of the proposed switch architecture, we fabricate a 24 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 4 DC switch and a 16 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 8 DC switch with planar-lightwave-circuit technologies and evaluate the overall switching system. …”
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Assessing knowledge on thalassemia for prevention and management practices among the tribal population of Sitteri Panchayat, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India by J Kezia Angeline, H Gladius Jennifer, Bala Ganesh Pichamuthu

“…This study is a cross-sectional study design and sample size estimation was found to be 369 by formula 4pq/d2. The respondents were in the age group 18 to 49 years and they are from the Tribal community. …”
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