The Exocyst Subunits EqSec5 and EqSec6 Promote Powdery Mildew Fungus Growth and Pathogenicity by Jinyao Yin, Xuehuan Zhu, Yalong Chen, Yanyang Lv, Jiaxin Shan, Yuhan Liu, Wenbo Liu, Weiguo Miao, Xiao Li

“…The exocyst complex in eukaryotic cells modulates secretory vesicle transportation to promote exocytosis. …”
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Leishmania mexicana: Novel Insights of Immune Modulation through Amastigote Exosomes by Laura Enedina Soto-Serna, Mariana Diupotex, Jaime Zamora-Chimal, Adriana Ruiz-Remigio, José Delgado-Domínguez, Rocely Buenaventura Cervantes-Sarabia, Adriana Méndez-Bernal, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño, María Magdalena Aguirre-García, Ingeborg Becker

“…Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles of endosomal origin (multivesicular bodies, MVBs) constitutively released by eukaryotic cells by fusion of MVBs to the plasma membrane. …”
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Cell Type Specific Suppression of Hyper-Recombination by Human RAD18 Is Linked to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen K164 Ubiquitination by Colette B. Rogers, Wendy Leung, Ryan M. Baxley, Rachel E. Kram, Liangjun Wang, Joseph P. Buytendorp, Khoi Le, David A. Largaespada, Eric A. Hendrickson, Anja-Katrin Bielinsky

“…RAD18 is a conserved eukaryotic E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes genome stability through multiple pathways. …”
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Exploiting gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis for enhanced antimicrobial activity of phage endolysin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Dorota Kuc-Ciepluch, Karol Ciepluch, Daria Augustyniak, Grzegorz Guła, Barbara Maciejewska, Artur Kowalik, Ewelina Jop, Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa, Michał Arabski

“…ABSTRACT Pyroptosis is an inflammatory immune response of eukaryotic cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other pathological stimuli, leading to the activation of the gasdermin D (GSDMD) and secretion of pore-forming domain GSDMDNterm, facilitating the release of cytokines. …”
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Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal Protein with Degossypolized Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performance, Nonspecific Immune Response, Antioxidant Capacity, and Target of Rapamycin Pat... by Sheng Chen, Yuhang Tang, Zhou Zhang, Jichang Zheng, Yuliang He, Zhen Wang, Kangsen Mai, Qinghui Ai

“…As to the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, the transcription of hepatic target of rapamycin (tor) and ribosomal protein (s6) was significantly up-regulated, while the transcription of hepatic eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) gene was significantly downregulated in the DCP group compared with the control group (P<0.05). …”
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The extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii - a model for intraspecific hybridization in clonal fungi by Polona Zalar, Jerneja Zupančič, Cene Gostinčar, Janja Zajc, G. Sybren de Hoog, Filomena De Leo, Armando Azua-Bustos, Nina Gunde-Cimerman

“…Abstract The polymorphic black yeast Hortaea werneckii (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) is extremely halotolerant (growth from 0 to 30% [w/v] NaCl) and has been extensively studied as a model for halotolerance in Eukaryotes for over two decades. Its most frequent sources are hypersaline environments and adjacent sea-water habitats in temperate, subtropical and tropical climates. …”
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Polytene chromosomes reflect functional organization of the Drosophila genome by D. S. Sidorenko, T. Yu. Zykova, V. A. Khoroshko, G. V. Pokholkova, S. A. Demakov, J. Larsson, E. S. Belyaeva, I. F. Zhimulev

“…Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster are a convenient model for studying interphase chromosomes of eukaryotes. They are giant in size in comparison with diploid cell chromosomes and have a pattern of cross stripes resulting from the ordered chromatid arrangement. …”
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Effects of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection on intestinal immune defense and physiological processes of Penaeus vannamei by Zheng Cao, Chuanyu He, Zhipeng Yin, Caiyi Chen, Fan Li, Dongchun Yan, Ting Li, Linrui Chang, Lingjun Si

“…Moreover, the expression levels of key genes involved in nutrient absorption, transport and synthesis, such as glucose transporter 1, Na+-K+ATPase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, rapamycin kinase, mTOR regulation-related protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, were significantly up-regulated. …”
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Differential GTP-dependent in-vitro polymerization of recombinant Physcomitrella FtsZ proteins by Stella W. L. Milferstaedt, Marie Joest, Lennard L. Bohlender, Sebastian N. W. Hoernstein, Buğra Özdemir, Eva L. Decker, Chris van der Does, Ralf Reski

“…FtsZ proteins are GTPases sharing structural and biochemical similarities with eukaryotic tubulin. In the moss Physcomitrella, the morphology of the FtsZ polymer networks varies between the different FtsZ isoforms. …”
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Assembly of soil multitrophic community regulates multifunctionality via multifaceted biotic factors in subtropical ecosystems by Chao Chang, En Hu, Xiaofeng Tang, Sisi Ye, Dan Zhao, Zhi Qu, Ming Li

“…Furthermore, the assembly processes in prokaryotes were primarily governed by stochasticity (>50 %), whereas those in eukaryotic groups were dominated by deterministic processes (<50 %). …”
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Inactivation of the TIM complex components leads to a decrease in the level of DNA import into Arabidopsis mitochondria by T. A. Tarasenko, K. D. Elizova, V. I. Tarasenko, M. V. Koulintchenko, Yu. M. Konstantinov

“…The phenomenon of DNA import into mitochondria has been shown for all major groups of eukaryotes. In plants and animals, DNA import seems to occur in different ways. …”
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Characterization of demethylating DNA glycosylase ROS1 from Nicotiana tabacum L. by D. V. Petrova, N. V. Permyakova, I. R. Grin, D. O. Zharkov

“…One of the main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in higher eukaryotes is based on the methylation of cytosine at the C5 position with the formation of 5-methylcytosine (mC), which is further recognized by regulatory proteins. …”
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Development and evaluation of a recombinant monoclonal human antibody with virus-neutralizing activity against the F glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus by Sergey A. Klotchenko, Ekaterina A. Romanovskaya-Romanko, Marina A. Plotnikova, Anastasia A. Pulkina, Aram A. Shaldzhyan, Dmitry S. Balabashin, Victoria A. Toporova, Teimur K. Aliev, Natalia E. Gyulikhandanova, Dmitry A. Lioznov

“…To design plasmid vectors for efficient production of the recombinant monoclonal antibody FM1 in a eukaryotic expression system targeting the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein and to evaluate its activity against RSV subtypes A and B in vitro. …”
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Alternative silencing states of transposable elements in Arabidopsis associated with H3K27me3 by Valentin Hure, Florence Piron-Prunier, Tamara Yehouessi, Clémentine Vitte, Aleksandra E. Kornienko, Gabrielle Adam, Magnus Nordborg, Angélique Déléris

“…It also suggests dynamic switching between the two epigenetic marks at the species level, a new paradigm that might extend to other multicellular eukaryotes.…”
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Novel role of FTO in regulation of gut–brain communication via Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis-produced hydrogen sulfide under arsenic exposure by Ruonan Chen, Xiaoqin Chai, Yunxiao Zhang, Tianxiu Zhou, Yinyin Xia, Xuejun Jiang, Bo Lv, Jun Zhang, Lixiao Zhou, Xin Tian, Ruonan Wang, Lejiao Mao, Feng Zhao, Hongyang Zhang, Jun Hu, Jingfu Qiu, Zhen Zou, Chengzhi Chen

“…Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is the key demethylase that reverses the abnormally altered N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in eukaryotic cells under environmental pollutants exposure. …”
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Ebbs and Flows of Marine Biodiversity: Navigating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Environmental DNA in a Coastal Tidal Ecosystem by Michelle Scriver, Ulla vonAmmon, Xavier Pochon, Martin Zirngibl, Francois Audrezet, Kaeden Leonard, Kylie Pedersen, Nick Bamford, Ngairo Tahere, Jo‐Ann L. Stanton, Neil J. Gemmell, Anastasija Zaiko

“…Hourly samples were collected from six sampling stations around the marina, from artificial shore structures and a channel, over a 12‐h tidal cycle. Detected eukaryotic communities were assessed using eDNA metabarcoding analysis of the small‐subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. …”
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Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Carrying IL-4 and IL-10 Coding Vectors Protects against Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice and Attenuates Insulitis in the STZ-Induced Model by Tatiane M. Preisser, Vanessa P. da Cunha, Mariana P. Santana, Vanessa B. Pereira, Denise C. Cara, Bianca M. Souza, Anderson Miyoshi

“…For the first time, L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ strains carrying eukaryotic expression vectors encoding IL-4 and IL-10 are tested in STZ-induced and NOD mouse models. …”
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Dynamics and regulatory roles of RNA m6A methylation in unbalanced genomes by Shuai Zhang, Ruixue Wang, Kun Luo, Shipeng Gu, Xinyu Liu, Junhan Wang, Ludan Zhang, Lin Sun

“…N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in eukaryotic RNA is an epigenetic modification that is critical for RNA metabolism, gene expression regulation, and the development of organisms. …”
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Comparative Structural and Biophysical Investigation of <i>Lycosa erythrognatha</i> Toxin I (LyeTx I) and Its Analog LyeTx I-b by Amanda Neves de Souza, Gabriele de Azevedo Cardoso, Lúcio Otávio Nunes, Christopher Aisenbrey, Evgeniy Salnikov, Kelton Rodrigues de Souza, Ahmad Saad, Maria Elena de Lima, Jarbas Magalhães Resende, Burkhard Bechinger, Rodrigo Moreira Verly

“…Furthermore, DSC and calcein release assays indicate that LyeTx I-b exhibits significantly lower cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic membranes compared to LyeTx I, suggesting greater selectivity for bacterial membranes. …”
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Jianpi Yiqi Busui prescription alleviates myasthenia gravis by regulating Th17 through the TAK1/P38 MAPK/eIF-4E signaling pathway by Zhuming Chen, Jing Lu, Tianying Chang, Dongmei Zhang, Yibin Zhang, Miao Liu, Tong Wu, Peng Xv, Jian Wang

“…Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression levels of key proteins and their phosphorylated forms, such as transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E). The results indicate that JYBP can increase the body weight of EAMG model rats, improve grip strength and antifatigue ability, and reduce the Lennon clinical score and AChR-Ab concentration. …”
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