The Greek Revolution of 1821 and Russian Policy in the Eastern Question by E. P. Kudryavtseva

“…During the crisis the Petersburg Cabinet has repeatedly attempted to settle the Greek-Turkish conflict diplomatically by means of a joint statement of the European powers addressing the Ottoman government. …”
Get full text

Contradictions of Collective Security Model: Modern Historiography on the Evolution of the Versailles System of International Relations in the 1930s by A. A. Vershinin

“…Research literature tends to consider collective security not just as a diplomatic tool, but as a quality of international system developed after the First World War based on the idea of indivisible security with universal international organization presiding over it to deal with problems of war and peace. …”
Get full text

The German and Austrian Historiography on Russia's Participation in the Holy League War by V. I. Kuznetsov

“…The German and Austrian historiography on Russia's role in the war with the Ottomans began to form at the end of the 17th century when Austrian diplomats started issuing pamphlets spreading the pan-European Christian idea. …”
Get full text

On the Issue of Foreign Policy Activities of Buddhists of the USSR in the Context of the Religious Policy of the Soviet State (1950s–1970s) by Alexey V. Gorbatov

“…Since 1970, after the formation, on the initiative of the Soviet government, of the international organization “Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace”, Mongolia has become a key Buddhist diplomatic partner of the USSR. In the context of the formation of a “new world order,” people’s Buddhist diplomacy today can become one of the main actors in international relations. …”
Get full text

Guayaramerim: a borderland marked by the Mamore River and its “cachuelas” by Bianca De Marchi-Moyano, Laura Helena Arraya-Pareja

“…Also, the colonial past is examined, together with early exploration efforts of the region under the republic and the sources of place names and of population dynamics. Additionally, the diplomatic processes which defined the border during the rubber era, are investigated. …”
Get full text

Atatürk Dönemi Dış Politikasında Barış İlkesinin Uygulanmasına Bir Örnek: İspanya İç Savaşı by Gültekin K. BİRLİK

“…Only after the Civil War ended and it was recognised internationally, Turkey recognised the Nationalist government and sent diplomatic representative, which was a mutual act. …”
Get full text

China’s chrysanthemum in the global market: evaluating the international competitiveness and influencing factors by Bo Pan, Bo Pan, Yingxin Du, Qingbing Chen, Qingbing Chen, Yaoyao Wang, Lijie Chen, Lijie Chen, Haiying Li, Conglin Huang, Kang Gao

“…China’s export of cut chrysanthemums is associated with the number of new varieties, and China exports more cut chrysanthemums to countries with larger population size, more geographical proximity, and closer diplomatic relations. While we do not find significant effect of the Belt and Road Initiatives, we find that Chinese exporters of cut chrysanthemums tend to choose to export to China’s partners of free trade agreement. …”
Get full text

Diplomacy and Recruitment of Mercenaries before the Battle of Žalgiris by Sven Ekdahl

“… During the months preceding the battle of Žalgiris (Tannenberg/Grunwald) the diplomatic activity of the countries involved was intense. …”
Get full text

Analysis of the higher education system managerial and organizational potential in the United Republic of Tanzania with the aim of implementing a model of students’ eco-awareness f... by N. A. Nikitin

“…The development of diplomatic, trade, cultural relations with African countries is important in creating Russian economic relations with the outside world. …”
Get full text

Russian Bishop in Gilded Age America by V. V. Pechatnov, V. O. Pechatnov

“…Based on little known documents of the Holy Synod (Russian State Historical Archive) and Russian diplomatic missions in the USA (Archive of Foreign Police of the Russian Empire) the authors survey his activities to build-up the stagnant diocese and to expand Eastern Orthodoxy in the United States which prepared the ground for its renewal under his successor Bishop Tikhon (Belavin). …”
Get full text

Humanitarian Diplomacy in Action: Examining Muhammadiyah as a Model for Faith-Based Organizational Engagement by Rahmawati Husein, Bachtiar Dwi Kurniawan, Nawang Kurniawati

“…A narrative of Muhammadiyah’s operational strategies and diplomatic engagements was reconstructed through a qualitative methodological approach, including interviews with Muhammadiyah affiliates and a comprehensive review of secondary data sources such as academic theses, research articles, and news reports. …”
Get full text

Embarking on Friendship: Exploring Early Soviet-Indian Relations by S. I. Lunev

“…Soviet diplomacy played a pivotal role in shaping policy changes: diplomats sought to gather crucial information about events in the country, transmit it to the USSR, and promote bilateral rapprochement, sometimes even acting in violation of instructions.The article pays particular attention to the activities of Subhas Chandra Bose, the leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress, who according to Indian sociological surveys on the most prominent politicians of the 20th century, ranks second only to Mahatma Gandhi. …”
Get full text

TOTEMIC TABOOS IN ESAN-LAND: UNPACKING THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF TOTEMIC PRACTICES IN EWU KINGDOM, NIGERIA by Aigbokhan Nelson Ehimare, Patrick Charles Alex

Get full text

The North–South transport corridor project in the context of foreign economic interests of Belarus by Alexander A. Prikhodko

“…Unfavorable external conditions forced the leadership of Belarus to look for alternative markets and routes for the sale of its goods, which led to increased discussions and diplomatic efforts around the North–South international transport corridor project, which has not been fully implemented by the participating countries for almost a quarter of a century. …”
Get full text

The United States and the Events of 1965–1966 in Indonesia by E. N. Glazunova, A. S. Manykin

“…This paper is based on a close examination of recently declassified (and published in the U.S.) materials, mainly the reports of American diplomats from Jakarta and other Indonesian regions. …”
Get full text

The “Nixon China Shock” in the Mirror of Japanese Domestic Politics by V. V. Nelidov

“…Kissinger to the PRC and about the President’s upcoming visit there) became one of the pivotal points in the history of Japanese foreign policy and contributed to Tokyo becoming more independent from Washington in its diplomatic course. Using the case of Japan’s reaction to this event, the article explores the characteristic features of the foreign policy making process in post-war Japan and demonstrates the considerable influence of these features on the character of Japanese foreign policy of the so-called “1955 System” period (the prolonged and continuous dominance of the conservative Liberal Democratic Party in 1955-93). …”
Get full text

Adapting to Détente: US Policy on Korean Unification in 1968-1973 by D. A. Sadakov

“…Another challenge for the Americans was the North Koreans' «diplomatic offensive,» which strengthened North Korea's position in the world. …”
Get full text

The definition of the state value in terms of functional quintessence by S. G. Pevko

“…., while external functions include diplomatic and economic (in the context of foreign activities). …”
Get full text

The U.S.-China Rivalry in Africa: Challenges and Prospects by V. K. Parkhomenko

“…Such an approach allowed China to supersede the US in a number of sensitive areas (trade, mining of rare earth elements, humanitarian cooperation), as well as to gain the diplomatic support of African states, primarily within the UN. …”
Get full text

POLITICS OF CONTEMPORARY “SILK ROADS” by A. I. Litvinov

Get full text