Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tanzania: Current Status and Challenges by Semvua B. Kilonzo, Daniel W. Gunda, Bonaventura C. T. Mpondo, Fatma A. Bakshi, Hyasinta Jaka

“…This mini review aims at demonstrating the current status of the disease in the country and discussing the concomitant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.…”
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Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Case Report by Ayla Aktulay, Saliha Sağnıç, Özlem Moraloğlu Tekin, Yaprak Engin Üstün, Elif Gül Yapar Eyi, Leyla Mollamahmutoğlu

“…Although it is autosomal recessively inherited, sporadic cases have also been reported. Prenatal diagnosis of AMC is difficult. Here we report a case with a diagnosis of AMC not diagnosed during antenatal follow-up. …”
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Duodenal Peptic Ulcer Perforation in the Puerperium Case Report Series by Elizabeth Stiles, Andre Robinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Marie Fleury, Andrew Rubenstein

“…A low threshold for imaging and identification of risk factors are critical to timely diagnosis and management.…”
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mid-ventricular obstruction and apical aneurysm by N.D. Oryshchyn, Yu.A. Ivaniv, Yu.H. Kyjak, S.S. Pavlyk, V.S. Moroz, D.I. Besh, I.M. Bigun

“…Electronic microscopy of myocardium confirmed the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.…”
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Ovarian Teratoma Masquerading as a CSF Pseudocyst in a Female with a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt by John M. K. Mislow, Jonathan R. Slotkin, Mark R. Proctor

“…In today's fast-paced and high-acuity emergency departments, clinicians are often compelled to triage cases so rapidly that a differential diagnosis consistent with the history and physical examination is not comprehensive. …”
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Myasthenia Gravis Masquerading as Status Asthmaticus by Neha Pirwani, Shayna Wrublik, Shashikanth Ambati

“…This case demonstrates that dyspnea in an asthmatic can occur from nonairway processes and, if missed, may result in overtreatment of asthma or delayed diagnosis of an important neuromuscular process.…”
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Thymoma. Case report by Miguel Acebo Rodríguez, Karla Andrea González Mancera, Antonio López Batista

“…Conclusions: an early and timely diagnosis of thymoma must be made to guarantee greater survival for patients, for which knowledge of its imaging characteristics is of special importance.…”
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Case of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma presenting as peripheral and bone marrow plasmacytosis: A diagnostic conundrum by Deepika Gupta, Nagarjun S. Jaine, Sandeep K. Bairwa, Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu, Vikarn Vishwajeet, Abhishek H. L. Purohit

“…Immunohistochemistry and serum protein electrophoresis revealed polyclonal nature of plasma cells. Diagnosis of AITL was made on cervical lymph node biopsy. …”
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Advances in personalized gastroenterology and hepatology 2016 by E. Blum Hubert

“…Molecular and cell biology have resulted in major advances in our understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as in novel strategies for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of human diseases. …”
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Alström’s Syndrome, Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, or Retinitis Pigmentosa? A Case of Misdiagnosis by Palaiologos Alexopoulos, Chrysanthos Symeonidis, Tryfon Rotsos

“…Genetic counseling may also be recommended for these patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by DNA testing, thus highlighting its necessity in everyday practice.…”
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Internal Mammary Arterial Injury from Lead Extraction: A Clinically Subtle yet Important Complication of Implantable Device Removal by Cesar Cruz, Jonathan Langberg, Stamatios Lerakis, Ravi Veeraswamy, Michael Lloyd

“…Auscultation around prior extraction sites should be routinely done to aid in the diagnosis of this potentially harmful complication.…”
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Unifocal Granuloma of Femur due to Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Harpreet Singh, Satnam Kaur, P. Yuvarajan, Nishant Jain, Lalit Maini

“…The radiological diagnosis of osteolytic lesions of the long bones in pediatric population constitutes a challenge when the case history and clinical data are uncharacteristic. …”
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Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension complicated to dural venous sinus thrombosis and lobar hemorrhage: A case report by Hidayatullah Hamidi, MD, Mohammad Iqbal Haqyar, MD

“…Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension is a known complication of spinal anesthesia that can lead to more severe conditions, such as dural or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).This report presents a case of intracranial hypotension in a young woman after lumbar anesthesia for a cesarean section that was complicated by CVST and subsequently by lobar hemorrhage, clinically presenting with severe headache and seizures. The diagnosis was made via cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the patient was treated medically.This case study aimed to assist clinicians in considering the possible complications of intracranial hypotension when evaluating patients with a recent history of spinal procedures, leading to early diagnosis and treatment to prevent devastating consequences.…”
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Leiomyosarcoma of Pulmonary Vein Presenting as Left Atrial Mass: An Outline of Management Principles by Philemon Gukop, Guido Frassetto, Georgios Karapanagiotidis, Venkatachalam Chandrasekaran

“…Extensive investigation to achieve early diagnosis and determine extent of disease is essential. …”
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Socioeconomic Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Canada by Michel Boivin

“…The direct costs, associated with the diagnosis and treatment, are largely sustained by the health care system. …”
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Sigmoid Volvulus Complicating Postpartum Period by Kelsey E. Ward, Erin Blake, Eduardo Gonzalez, Frederic Pieracci, Meredith Alston

“…Her postoperative period was complicated by sudden onset of abdominal pain and the ultimate diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. Conclusion. Prompt surgical evaluation of an acute abdomen in the postpartum period is essential; delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to significant maternal morbidity and mortality.…”
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Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Child with T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma by Kayo Tokeji, Sachi Sakaguchi, Tomoko Kurimoto, Junya Fujimura, Toshiaki Shimizu

“…ITP is known to be associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and various types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma but rarely with T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma or in children. Diagnosis of ITP with lymphoma is challenging due to the many factors affecting platelet counts, and ITP often complicates the diagnosis or treatment course of lymphoma. …”
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Colloidal cyst of the third ventricle. Case presentation by Ada Sánchez Lozano, María Octavina Rodríguez Roque, Joan O Rojas Fuentes

“…An appropriate practice was adopted due to the uncertain diagnosis in order to avoid neurological damage and death. …”
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Biphasic Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Masquerading as a Primary Skeletal Tumor by James Benjamin Gleason, Basheer Tashtoush, Maria Julia Diacovo

“…Surgical resection and chest wall reconstruction were performed, confirming the diagnosis and revealing a secondary histologic component (epithelioid), supporting the diagnosis of biphasic malignant mesothelioma.…”
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Cells Electrical Characterization: Dielectric Properties, Mixture, and Modeling Theories by Nida Nasir, Mahmoud Al Ahmad

“…SCA plays a promising role in disease diagnosis and treatment planning, as it not only detects the cells but also helps in identification. …”
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