Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment by Mara Ventura, Miguel Melo, Francisco Carrilho

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Choosing between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Pharmacological Perspective by Dominique Xavier Brown, Marc Evans

“…In recent years the incretin therapies have provided a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The incretin therapies focus on the increasing levels of the two incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). …”
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A rare manifestation of adrenocortical carcinoma as a mimic of pheochromocytoma: a case report and literature review by Joanna Sobolewska, Wioleta Respondek, Przemyslaw Witek

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Analysis of Risk Factors for Death of Covid-19 Patients at Undata Hospital Palu by Nur Afni, Sri Rahayu

“…Patients with comorbid are above 45 years on average. Diabetes and heart disease are risk factors for death from COVID-19 because those with diabetes have a 4.384 times greater risk of dying from Covid-19 than patients without diabetes.  …”
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Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in a Patient with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma and Concomitant Pulmonary Embolism by Robert Sean O’Neill, Lauren Tyack, Mary Freeman, Hussein Soudy Hussein

“…We describe a case of euglycemic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of empagliflozin use after a recent diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. …”
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Insulinoma Presenting with Long-Standing Depression, Primary Hypogonadism, and Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome by Usman H. Malabu, Durgesh Gowda, Yong Mong Tan

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A Case of Persistent Hypoglycemia: Emphasizing the Role of Kidneys by Praveen Govindaraju, Mohammed Fahad Khan, Rohan Augustine, Hebri Sudarshan Ballal

“…Abstract Hypoglycemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes warrants extensive clinical and biochemical evaluations. …”
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Effect of preoperative immunonutrition on complications after salvage surgery in head and neck cancer by Simon Andreas Mueller, Catherine Mayer, Beat Bojaxhiu, Carla Aeberhard, Philipp Schuetz, Zeno Stanga, Roland Giger

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PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Suppresses Renal mPGES-1/PGE2 Pathway in db/db Mice by Ying Sun, Zhanjun Jia, Gang Liu, Li Zhou, Mi Liu, Baoxue Yang, Tianxin Yang

“…Evidence had shown the detrimental effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) of STZ-induced type-1 diabetes but its role in the development of DN of type-2 diabetes remains uncertain. …”
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Common Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction and Some Socio Demographic Characteristics in Sulaimani City by Bayan Omar Sharif, Samir Y. Lafi

“…Hypertension accounted (61.2%), dyslipidemia (39.4%), and diabetes (20%) of the subjects. A positive first-degree history of classical MI risk factor of the participants was (54.5%, 39.2% and 28.4%) for hypertension, heart attack and diabetes, respectively. (98.2%) of the selected patients no eating fish. (56.4%, 58.8%) of them were not eating daily fruit and vegetable respectively.  …”
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Elevated and Correlated Expressions of miR-24, miR-30d, miR-146a, and SFRP-4 in Human Abdominal Adipose Tissue Play a Role in Adiposity and Insulin Resistance by Yury O. Nunez Lopez, Gabriella Garufi, Magdalena Pasarica, Attila A. Seyhan

“…Abdominal adipose tissue (AbdAT) levels of thirteen microRNAs (miRNAs), SFRP4, and VEGF in lean nondiabetic subjects (n=7), subjects with obesity (n=5), and subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (n=5) were measured by qPCR. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. …”
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Differences in metabolic characteristics between Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) in weight reduction therapy by Shiori Kawai, Hajime Yamakage, Kazuhiko Kotani, Mitsuhiko Noda, Noriko Satoh-Asahara, Koshi Hashimoto

“…Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) is generally recognized as the absence of any metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, in obese individuals; however, it is not clearly defined. …”
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Investigating papillary thyroid cancer risk factors among women living at the central region of Iran: a case–control study by Hamed Ghoshouni, Saeed Hosseini, Akram Ghadiri-Anari, Reyhaneh Azizi, Masoud Rahmanian, Narjes Hazar

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Vida Saludable: Cuidándose de la cabeza a los pies by Jennifer Hillan, Emily Minton

“…Si usted padece de diabetes, ponga especial atención a su piel, sus ojos, sus dientes, sus encías y sus pies. …”
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A Review of Adult Obesity Prevalence, Trends, Risk Factors, and Epidemiologic Methods in Kuwait by Stalo Karageorgi, Osama Alsmadi, Kazem Behbehani

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Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses to High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Meals in Healthy Humans by S. Gregersen, D. Samocha-Bonet, L. K. Heilbronn, L. V. Campbell

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Risk factors for fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with gastrointestinal tumor by Yuting Wu, Chen Lv, Jindong Li, Ying Ma, Xiaoli Zhu

“…The occurrence of fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity was higher in patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, older age, those treated with capecitabine, and combined radiotherapy. …”
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Acute Hyperglycemia Due to Topical Corticosteroid Administration by Laura Y. Sue, Anna Milanesi

“…This case highlights the potentially detrimental effect of topical corticosteroid use in patients with diabetes.…”
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The Role of Insulin, Insulin Growth Factor, and Insulin-Degrading Enzyme in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease by Claude Messier, Kevin Teutenberg

“…Most brain insulin comes from the pancreas and is taken up by the brain by what appears to be a receptor-based carrier. Type 2 diabetes animal models associated with insulin resistance show reduced insulin brain uptake and content. …”
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Physiological and pathophysiological actions of insulin in the liver by Naoto Kubota, Tetsuya Kubota, Takashi Kadowaki

“…Impaired insulin receptor signaling can cause hepatic insulin resistance and lead to type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we focus on a concept called “selective insulin resistance,” which has received increasing attention recently: the frequent coexistence of hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity suggests that it is possible for the insulin signaling regulating gluconeogenesis to be impaired even while that regulating lipogenesis is preserved, suggestive of selective insulin resistance. …”
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